Table 4.
Vitamin losses during pelleting, extrusion and storage of feeds and factors affecting vitamin deterioration.
| Vitamin | Factors Affecting Vitamin Stability during Processing and Storage |
|---|---|
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | Moisture, heat, oxidation, light, iron |
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | Oxidation |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | Light |
| Vitamin B3 (niacin) | Rather stable |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) | Oxidation, light |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | Oxidation, reduction |
| Vitamin B7 (biotin) | Oxidation |
| Vitamin B9 (folic acid) | Oxidation, light, microbial |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | UV light, interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, heat, pH |
| Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, provitamin A carotenoids) | Oxidation, light, (trace elements) |
| Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) | Stable |
| Vitamin E (α/β/γ/δ-tocopherols, α/β/γ/δ-tocotrienols) | Oxidation, light, oxidized fat |
| Vitamin K (menadione) | Oxidation |