Table 2.
Active clinical trials of immune checkpoint blockade for novel oncological indications.
| Drug | Targeted IC | Sample Size | Cancer Type | Response Rate | Phase | Trial Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ipilimumab | CTLA-4 | 100 | Melanoma (stage III/IV) | 10.9% | III/IV | NCT00094653 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1 | 31 | Hodgkin Lymphoma (recurred) | 65% | I | NCT01953692 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1 | 26 | Locoregional Merkel-cell carcinoma (advanced) | 56% | II | NCT02267603 |
| Nivolumab | PD-1 | 240 | Squamous-Cell Carcinoma (relapsed or advanced) | 13.3% | III | NCT02105636 |
| Nivolumab | PD-1 | 410 | Renal-Cell Carcinoma (advanced) | 25% | III | NCT01668784 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1 | 270 | Urothelial Carcinoma (advanced) | 21.1% | III | NCT02256436 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-L1 | 27 | Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (advanced) | 18.5% | I | NCT01848834 |
| Nivolumab | PD-1 | 39 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (advanced) | 23% | I/II | NCT01658878 |
| MDX1105-01 (anti–PD-L1) | PD-L1 | 207 | Non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer | 12.6% | I | NCT00729664 |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | 175 | Non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, other tumors | 18% | I | NCT01375842 |
| Tremelimumab | CTLA-4 | 17 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (advanced with chronic hepatitis C) | 17.6% | II | NCT01008358 |
| Avelumab | PD-L1 | 88 | Merkel cell carcinoma (chemotherapy-refractory stage IV) | 31.8% | II | NCT02155647 |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | 116 | Triple-negative breast cancer (metastatic) | 9.5% | I | NCT01375842 |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | 32 | Head and neck cancer | 22% | I | NCT01375842 |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | 95 | Urothelial cancer (metastatic) | 26% | I | NCT01375842 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 296 | Melanoma (advanced), non–small-cell lung cancer, prostate cancer (castration-resistant), renal-cell cancer, colorectal cancer | 18% in non-small-cell lung cancer, 28% in melanoma, 27% in renal-cell cancer |
I | NCT01354431 |
| Pidilizumab | PD-1 | 66 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | 51% | II | NCT00532259 |
| Pidilizumab | PD-1 | 32 | Follicular lymphoma (relapsed) | 66% | II | NCT00904722 |
| Nivolumab | PD-1 | 23 | Hodgkin’s lymphoma (relapsed or refractory) | 87% | I | NCT01592370 |
| Lambrolizumab | PD-1 | 135 | Melanoma (advanced) | 38% | I | NCT01295827 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 107 | Melanoma (advanced) | 30.8% | I | NCT00730639 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 418 | Melanoma (untreated without BRAF mutation) | 40.0% | III | NCT01721772 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 631 | Melanoma (advanced that progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment) | 31.7% | III | NCT01721746 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD1 | 495 | Non–small-cell lung cancer | 19.4% | I | NCT01295827 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 272 | Squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer (advanced) | 20% | III | NCT01642004 |
| Nivolumab | PD1 | 129 | Non–small-cell lung cancer (previously treated advanced) | 17% | I | NCT00730639 |