Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 89 trial participants.
| Variable | All (n = 89) | Exercise (n = 30) | Horticulture (n = 30) | Control (n = 29) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.1 (5.5) | 73.1 (5.3) | 73.1 (5.6) | 73.0 (5.9) |
| Female, no. (%) | 45 (50.6%) | 16 (53.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 15 (51.7%) |
| Height, cm | 157.7 (9.3) | 158.0 (8.6) | 157.4 (8.1) | 157.5 (11.3) |
| Weight, kg | 58.4 (11.7) | 57.9 (13.4) | 61.3 (10.1) | 56.0 (11.2) |
| Education, years | 11.8 (2.3) | 12.0 (2.1) | 11.6 (2.6) | 11.7 (2.4) |
| Medical history, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 38 (42.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (51.7%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (24.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 7 (24.1%) |
| Arthritis | 24 (27.0%) | 8 (26.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 6 (20.7%) |
| Medication, no. | 3.3 (3.3) | 4.3 (4.5) | 3.2 (2.7) | 2.3 (1.8) |
| Grip strength, kg | 27.4 (7.9) | 26.7 (7.1) | 27.8 (7.7) | 27.8 (9.1) |
| MMSE, score | 27.7 (2.3) | 28.3 (1.7) | 27.6 (2.6) | 27.1 (2.3) |
Data are n (%) and mean (SD). no = number; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.