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. 2019 Dec 30;9(1):99. doi: 10.3390/jcm9010099

Table 3.

Changes in primary outcomes for participants who completed the intervention and immediate post-intervention assessments (six months from baseline).

Exercise (n = 27) Horticultural Activity (n = 26) Control (n = 28)
Primary Outcomes Baseline Post-Intervention p Baseline Post-Intervention p Baseline Post-Intervention p
GDS-15, score 7.1 (2.5) 5.3 (2.5) 0.002 6.9 (4.7) 4.7 (2.7) <0.001 6.4 (2.5) 5.1 (3.1) 0.001
Logical memory (immediate), score 8.6 (4.3) 12.6 (3.9) <0.001 8.8 (4.3) 8.9 (3.9) 0.836 9.8 (3.3) 10.3 (3.1) 0.417
Logical memory (delay), score 6.4 (3.6) 9.0 (4.0) 0.001 5.4 (3.0) 6.4 (3.9) 0.091 6.8 (4.2) 7.0 (3.9) 0.638
Word list memory (immediate), score 8.2 (1.1) 8.1 (1.1) 0.548 7.7 (1.5) 7.6 (1.5) 0.604 8.3 (1.4) 8.3 (1.1) 0.944
Word list memory (delay), score 5.7 (1.8) 5.7 (2.0) 1.000 3.8 (1.8) 3.7 (1.9) 0.799 5.5 (1.9) 5.3 (2.3) 0.434