Table 4.
Mean changes in primary outcome measures.
| Post-Intervention Mean, Mean Change from Pre-Intervention | One-Year Follow-Up Mean, Mean Change from Pre-Intervention | |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise | n = 27 | n = 23 |
| GDS-15, score | 5.3 (2.5), −1.8 (2.8) a | 5.3 (2.9), −1.8 (1.7) a |
| Logical memory (immediate), score | 20.9 (7.0), 4.3 (4.7) a | 19.6 (8.8), 3.9 (5.9) a |
| Logical memory (delay), score | 16.7 (6.7), 3.6 (5.2) a | 16.3 (7.9), 4.4 (5.0) |
| Word list memory (immediate), score | 8.1 (1.1), −0.1 (0.9) | 8.2 (1.1), 0.1 (1.0) |
| Word list memory (delay), score | 5.7 (2.0), 0.0 (1.5) | 5.5 (2.1), 0.1 (1.2) |
| Horticultural activity | n = 26 | n = 20 |
| GDS-15 (score), score | 4.7 (2.7), −2.3 (2.4) a | 5.0 (3.5), −2.4 (2.8) a |
| Logical memory (immediate), score | 16.4 (7.0), −0.1 (4.4) | 19.2 (6.7), −0.4 (3.5) |
| Logical memory (delay), score | 12.1 (6.4), 1.1 (4.5) | 15.7 (7.2), 1.6 (5.1) |
| Word list memory (immediate), score | 7.6 (1.5), −0.1 (0.9) | 8.5 (1.2), −0.5 (1.1) |
| Word list memory (delay), score | 3.7 (1.9), −0.1 (1.6) | 5.2 (2.2), −0.1 (2.0) |
| Control | n = 28 | n = 24 |
| GDS-15 (score), score | 5.1 (3.1), –1.5 (2.3) a | 4.1 (3.4), −1.7 (2.5) a |
| Logical memory (immediate), score | 18.8 (5.9), 0.5 (5.2) | 16.7 (7.9), 0.9 (6.1) |
| Logical memory (delay), score | 13.7 (7.1), 1.1 (4.7) | 13.0 (7.4), 2.4 (4.7) |
| Word list memory (immediate), score | 8.3 (1.1), 0.0 (0.9) | 6.9 (2.1), 0.1 (0.9) |
| Word list memory (delay), score | 5.3 (2.3), −0.2 (1.2) | 3.7 (2.2), −0.2 (1.2) |
Data are mean (SD). GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale. a significantly different from pre-intervention at p <0.05.