. 2020 Jan 7;9(1):156. doi: 10.3390/jcm9010156

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients.

		TDS Group (n = 19) N (%) / Mean ± SD	Placebo Group (n = 19) N (%) / Mean ± SD	p Value
Sex	Male	9 (47.4)	3 (15.8)	0.079 ^§
Sex	Female	10 (52.6)	16 (84.2)	0.079 ^§
Age (year)		46.63 ± 11.02	53.63 ± 8.780	0.037
HDCN syndrome *	HFS ^¶	16 (84.2)	16 (84.2)	1.00 ^§
HDCN syndrome *	TN ^¶¶	3 (15.8)	3 (15.8)	1.00 ^§
Symptom duration (mo)		38.26 ± 32.62	52.66 ± 37.68	0.216 ^§
History of previous surgery	Yes	13 (68.4)	12 (63.2)	1.00 ^§
History of previous surgery	No	6 (31.6)	7 (36.8)	1.00 ^§
History of PONV †	Yes	3 (15.8)	0	0.220 ^§
History of PONV †	No	10 (52.6)	12 (63.2)	0.220 ^§
Smoking	Yes	3 (15.8)	2 (10.5)	1.00 ^§
Smoking	No	16 (84.2)	17 (89.5)	1.00 ^§
History of Motion sickness	Yes	9 (47.4)	7 (36.8)	0.743 ^§
History of Motion sickness	No	10 (52.6)	12 (63.2)	0.743 ^§
GI disturbance	Yes	4 (21.1)	3 (15.8)	1.00 ^§
GI disturbance	No	15 (78.9)	16 (84.2)	1.00 ^§
ASA ‡ physical status	I	14 (73.7)	12 (63.2)	0.728 ^§
ASA ‡ physical status	II	5 (26.3)	7 (36.8)	0.728 ^§
Operation time (min)		90.37 ± 23.52	83.16 ± 14.83	0.266
Anesthetic agents	Propofol (mL)	87.06 ± 23.85	74.72 ± 18.11	0.093
Anesthetic agents	Fentanyl (µg)	1214.71 ± 441.50	1133.33 ± 280.76	0.517
Postoperative opioids	Yes	10 (52.6)	16 (84.2)	0.079 ^§
Postoperative opioids	No	9 (47.4)	3 (15.8)	0.079 ^§
Mean Opioid MME		2.75 ± 0.79	2.66 ± 0.63	0.740

* HDCN syndrome, hyperactive dysfunctional cranial nerve syndrome; † PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting; ‡ ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ^¶ HFS, hemifacial spasm; ^¶¶ TN, trigeminal neuralgia; TDS, transdermal scopolamine; MME, morphine milligram equivalent; ^§ Fisher’s Exact test. Bolded values indicate p < 0.05.