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. 2019 Dec 30;11(1):43. doi: 10.3390/mi11010043

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Figure A6 — Comparison between circular and square cross-sectional channel with identical cross-sectional areas for velocity and shear stress: (a) Velocity field inside a circular cross-sectional channel showing an axial symmetry; (b) Velocity field inside a square cross-sectional channel, showing stagnation of the flow in the corners; (c) Shear stress profile inside a circular cross-sectional channel. The shear stress is constant along the wall and independent of position; (d) Shear stress profile inside a square cross-sectional channel. The shear stress shows a flattened parabolic profile along the walls with vanishing shear stress in the corners; (e) Probability density function of velocities inside a circular cross-sectional channel, showing a uniform distribution; (f) Probability density function of velocities inside a square cross-sectional channel: the distribution shows an increase for the lower velocities because of the corners.

Figure A6 — Comparison between circular and square cross-sectional channel with identical cross-sectional areas for velocity and shear stress: (a) Velocity field inside a circular cross-sectional channel showing an axial symmetry; (b) Velocity field inside a square cross-sectional channel, showing stagnation of the flow in the corners; (c) Shear stress profile inside a circular cross-sectional channel. The shear stress is constant along the wall and independent of position; (d) Shear stress profile inside a square cross-sectional channel. The shear stress shows a flattened parabolic profile along the walls with vanishing shear stress in the corners; (e) Probability density function of velocities inside a circular cross-sectional channel, showing a uniform distribution; (f) Probability density function of velocities inside a square cross-sectional channel: the distribution shows an increase for the lower velocities because of the corners.