Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study participants. AFM: absolute fat mass, BMI: body mass index, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FFM: fat free mass, LBM: lean body mass, REE: resting energy expenditure, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SMM: skeletal muscle mass, TBW: total body water, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio.
| Variables | Total (n = 36) | Male (n = 15) | Female (n = 21) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 70.7 | 71.5 | 70.1 | 0.473 |
| Height (cm) | 169.1 | 177.3 | 163.2 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 91.2 | 98.7 | 85.9 | 0.033 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 | 31.4 | 32.5 | 0.646 |
| Waist (cm) | 100.7 | 108.1 | 95.4 | 0.020 |
| Hip (cm) | 115.3 | 111.0 | 118.3 | 0.125 |
| WHR | 0.874 | 0.974 | 0.803 | <0.0001 |
| Body Fat (%) | 37.2 | 30.7 | 41.8 | <0.0001 |
| AFM (kg) | 34.5 | 30.5 | 37.3 | 0.116 |
| FFM (kg) | 56.7 | 68.1 | 48.6 | <0.0001 |
| LBM (kg) | 64.0 | 71.1 | 58.9 | <0.0001 |
| SMM (kg) | 31.4 | 38.0 | 26.6 | <0.0001 |
| TBW (kg) | 40.7 | 49.7 | 34.2 | <0.0001 |
| REE (kcal/day) | 1600.3 | 1785.9 | 1442.1 | 0.002 |
| REE (kcal/day/kg) | 17.8 | 18.2 | 17.5 | 0.504 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.9 | 131.2 | 134.1 | 0.671 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.3 | 79.9 | 73.7 | 0.056 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 62.6 | 78.9 | 51.1 | <0.0001 |
| Sit/Stand (reps) | 11.4 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 0.364 |
| Gait score | 11.6 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 0.167 |
| Balance score | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 0.365 |
Note: Data are expressed as means (sd) for one-way ANOVA. The bold distinguishes significance from non-significance at baseline.