Table 3.
Body composition changes in older adults consuming the DASH diet for 12 weeks.
| Weeks of Intervention | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | p-Value + |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 91.2 (18.0) | 88.6 (17.3) | 87.3 (16.9) | 86.4 (16.6) | * 85.5 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 85.9 (19.9) | 84.0 (19.3) | 82.9 (18.9) | 82.0 (18.4) | * 81.3 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 98.7 (11.8) | 95.0 (11.9) | 93.4 (11.6) | 92.5 (11.5) | * 91.5 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 32.0 (6.9) | 31.2 (6.7) | 30.7 (6.6) | 30.4 (6.5) | * 30.1 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 32.5 (8.5) | 31.8 (8.3) | 31.4 (8.2) | 31.0 (8.0) | * 30.8 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 31.4 (3.6) | 30.3 (3.6) | 29.7 (3.5) | 29.4 (3.5) | * 29.1 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 101 (16.4) | 99.1 (15.7) | 97.9 (15.9) | 97.0 (15.5) | * 96.3 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 95.4 (18.4) | 94.3 (17.8) | 93.2 (18.0) | 92.3 (17.7) | * 92.1 (17.4) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 108.1 (9.2) | 105.8 (8.7) | 104.5 (9.2) | 103.7 (8.7) | * 102.2 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Hip (cm) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 115 (14.0) | 114 (14.1) | 113 (14.3) | 112 (13.2) | * 111 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 118 (16.7) | 117 (16.6) | 116 (17.0) | 114 (15.6) | * 114 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 111.0 (7.9) | 109.7 (8.2) | 109.0 (8.2) | 108.9 (8.2) | * 107.3 (8.3) | <0.05 |
| WHR | ||||||
| All Participants | 0.87 (0.10) | 0.87 (0.10) | 0.87 (0.10) | 0.86 (0.09) | 0.86 (0.09) | 0.06 |
| Females | 0.80 (0.06) | 0.80 (0.06) | 0.80 (0.06) | 0.80 (0.06) | 0.80 (0.06) | >0.05 |
| Males | * 0.97 (0.05) | 0.96 (0.05) | 0.96 (0.05) | 0.95 (.05) | * 0.95 (0.05) | <0.05 |
| Body Fat (%) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 37.2 (9.8) | 36.9 (10.1) | 35.7 (10.1) | 35.3 (10.4) | * 34.7 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 41.8 (9.5) | 41.7 (9.7) | 40.4 (9.8) | 40.3 (9.9) | * 39.8 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 30.7 (5.8) | 30.2 (6.1) | 29.2 (6.2) | 28.2 (6.5) | * 27.6 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| AFM (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 34.5 (12.7) | 33.4 (12.9) | 31.9 (12.6) | 31.1 (12.7) | * 30.3 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 37.3 (14.8) | 36.4 (14.8) | 34.9 (14.6) | 34.4 (14.4) | * 33.7 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 30.5 (7.9) | 29.1 (8.3) | 27.5 (7.8) | 26.4 (8.0) | * 25.5 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| FFM (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | 56.7 (12.2) | 55.3 (11.3) | 55.4 (11.2) | 55.3 (11.4) | 55.2 (11.3) | <0.05 |
| Females | 48.6 (7.0) | 47.6 (6.3) | 48.0 (6.1) | 47.6 (5.9) | 47.5 (5.8) | <0.05 |
| Males | 68.1 (8.0) | 65.9 (7.1) | 65.9 (7.7) | 66.1 (7.9) | 66.0 (7.8) | <0.05 |
| LBM (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 64.0 (10.5) | 62.3 (9.6) | 62.4 (9.5) | 62.2 (9.7) | * 62.0 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 58.9 (9.0) | 57.7 (8.2) | 57.9 (8.0) | 57.4 (7.8) | * 57.3 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Males | 71.1 (8.2) | 68.8 (7.4) | 68.7 (8.0) | 68.9 (8.2) | 68.7 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| TBW (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | 41.5 (8.8) | 40.5 (8.3) | 40.7 (8.2) | 40.6 (8.4) | 40.5 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Females | 35.7 (5.2) | 34.9 (4.6) | 35.2 (4.5) | 34.9 (4.4) | 34.9 (4.3) | 0.007 |
| Males | 49.7 (5.9) | 48.4 (5.2) | 48.3 (5.6) | 48.5 (5.8) | 48.3 (5.7) | 0.003 |
Note: Data are expressed as mean (SD) for general linear model repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. + p value for the effect of diet across time. * p < 0.05 for the difference between baseline and study end.