Table 4.
Muscle and metabolic health in older adults consuming the DASH diet containing meat.
| Weeks of Intervention | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | +p-Value |
| Skeletal muscle (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 31.4 (7.2) | 30.7 (6.7) | 30.8 (6.6) | 30.7 (6.8) | * 30.6 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Females | 26.6 (4.1) | 26.1 (3.6) | 26.4 (3.5) | 26.0 (3.4) | 26.0 (3.4) | <0.05 |
| Males | 38.0 (4.9) | 37.1 (4.3) | 37.0 (4.6) | 37.2 (4.8) | 37.0 (4.8) | <0.05 |
| Handgrip (kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | 62.6 (19.4) | 62.8 (17.1) | 64.1 (18.0) | 62.9 (17.3) | 64.7 (17.5) | >0.05 |
| Females | 51.1 (9.7) | 51.8 (7.7) | 52.5 (8.6) | 51.6 (9.0) | 53.0 (7.1) | 0.058 |
| Males | 78.8 (18.0) | 78.3 (14.6) | 80.4 (14.8) | 78.8 (13.1) | 81.0 (14.2) | >0.05 |
| Handgrip (per kg mass) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 0.70 (0.21) | 0.73 (0.20) | 0.75 (0.20) | 0.74 (0.19) | * 0.77 (0.19) | <0.0001 |
| Females | * 0.62 (0.18) | 0.65 (0.17) | 0.66 (0.17) | 0.66 (0.17 | * 0.68 (0.16) | <0.0001 |
| Males | * 0.81 (0.21) | 0.84 (0.19) | 0.87 (0.19) | 0.86 (0.17) | * 0.90 (0.17) | <0.0001 |
| Sit/Stand (reps) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 11.4 (2.3) | 11.9 (2.4) | 12.9 (2.5) | 13.1 (2.9) | * 13.8 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 11.1 (2.1) | 11.6 (2.3) | 12.5 (2.3) | 12.8 (2.8) | * 13.4 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Males | * 11.9 (2.6) | 12.4 (2.4) | 13.4 (2.8) | 13.5 (3.0) | * 14.3 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Gait score | ||||||
| All Participants | 11.6 (0.7) | 11.6 (0.7) | 11.8 (0.5) | 11.9 (0.4) | 11.8 (0.5) | >0.05 |
| Females | 11.5 (0.8) | 11.5 (0.9) | 11.8 (0.5) | 11.9 (0.3) | 11.9 (0.5) | >0.05 |
| Males | 11.8 (0.4) | 11.8 (0.4) | 11.9 (0.4) | 11.8 (0.6) | 11.8 (0.6) | >0.05 |
| Balance score | ||||||
| All Participants | 14.4 (1.7) | 15.0 (1.3) | 15.3 (0.8) | 15.1 (1.1) | 15.1 (1.1) | >0.05 |
| Females | 14.7 (1.4) | 15.2 (0.9) | 15.3 (0.9) | 15.1 (1.1) | 15.0 (1.2) | >0.05 |
| Males | 14.1 (2.1) | 14.7 (1.6) | 15.3 (0.8) | 15.1 (1.1) | 15.3 (1.0) | >0.05 |
| REE (kcal/day) | ||||||
| All Participants | 1600 (321) | 1597 (277) | 1579 (280) | 1604 (273) | 1534 (302) | >0.05 |
| Females | 1442 (273) | 1469 (218) | 1446 (229) | 1478 (178) | 1386 (159) | >0.05 |
| Males | 1786 (271) | 1768 (260) | 1756 (247) | 1772 (293) | 1732 (338) | >0.05 |
| REE (kcal/day/kg) | ||||||
| All Participants | 17.8 (3.1) | 18.6 (3.7) | 18.6 (3.5) | 19.2 (3.8) | 18.4 (3.9) | >0.05 |
| Females | 17.5 (3.0) | 18.4 (4.0) | 18.4 (3.8) | 18.9 (3.4) | 18.0 (3.9) | >0.05 |
| Males | 18.2 (3.5) | 18.9 (3.3) | 19.0 (3.2) | 19.5 (4.5) | 19.1 (4.1) | >0.05 |
| REE (kcal/day/AFM) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 53.8 (23.1) | 57.4 (27.1) | 60.0 (30.2) | 63.5 (34.3) | * 61.8 (31.3) | <0.0001 |
| Females | * 47.2 (23.4) | 51.3 (29.4) | 53.1 (31.7) | 55.2 (33.2) | * 52.7 (31.2) | <0.01 |
| Males | * 62.5 (20.3) | 65.5 (22.1) | 69.2 (26.3) | 74.7 (33.5) | * 74.0 (27.9) | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 133 (20) | 125 (16.1) | 120 (15.4) | 119 (16.1) | * 120 (16.8) | <0.001 |
| Females | * 134 (16.5) | 127 (16.1) | 117 (14.0) | 119 (12.6) | * 122 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Males | 131 (24.8) | 121 (17.8) | 122 (17.3) | 118 (20.6) | 117 (20.2) | <0.05 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | ||||||
| All Participants | * 76.3 (9.7) | 72.6 (8.8) | 69.0 (8.9) | 70.8 (8.1) | * 70.5 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Females | 73.7 (6.6) | 70.5 (7.9) | 67.3 (8.2) | 68.9 (7.9) | 70.1 (8.8) | <0.05 |
| Males | * 80 (12.2) | 75.7 (9.4) | 71.3 (9.6) | 73.4 (7.9) | * 71.1 (13.6) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are expressed as mean (sd) for general linear model repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. + p value for the effect of diet across time. * p < 0.05 for the difference between baseline and study end.