Table 1.
Description of the study cohorts.
| Septic Shock (n = 20) | Cardiac Surgery (CABG, n = 20) | Major Abdominal Surgery (MAS, n = 20) | Control Patients (CTRL, n = 20) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 69 (64.3–74) | 70 (62–79) | 68 (54–70) | 69 (66.3–74.3) |
| Sex (% male) | 70 | 75 | 60 | 70 |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 27.9 (21.7–32.6) | 30 (27.6–36.5) | 24 (22.4–26.9) | 27 (23.2–29.2) |
| ASA I II III IV V |
0 0 10 (50%) 9 (45%) 1 (5%) |
0 0 18 (90%) 2 (10%) 0 |
1 (5%) 8 (40%) 11 (55%) 0 0 |
1 (5%) 6 (30%) 13 (65%) 0 0 |
| SOFA onset | 10.5 (10–12.5) | NA | NA | NA |
| SOFA 24 h | 11.5 (8–13) | 3 (1–3.8) | 2 (0–3) | NA |
| SOFA 72 h | 9 (5.5–14.5) | 3.5 (1–4.8) | 3.5 (1.8–4.8) | NA |
| Focus of infection Abdominal Pulmonary Urological Soft tissue |
12 (60%) 3 (15%) 3 (15%) 2 (10%) |
NA | NA | NA |
| Type of abdominal surgery Whipple Procedure Open Partial colectomy Esophagus resection Other major abdominal surgery |
NA | NA |
8 (40%) 4 (20%) 4 (20%) 4 (20%) |
NA |
| Duration of Cardiopulmonary bypass | NA | 93 (74.8–111) | NA | NA |
| In-hospital death (%) | 35 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Preexisting Diseases | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (45%) | 12 (60%) | 1 (5%) | 8 (40%) |
| Chronic kidney failure | 4 (20%) | 5 (25%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (15%) |
| Arteriosclerosis | 14 (70%) | 20 (100%) | 5 (25%) | 14 (70%) |
| Malignant cancerous disease | 7 (35%) | 0 | 13 (65%) | 7 (35%) |
| Anticoagulatory Therapy | ||||
| Prophylactic heparinization onset/preoperative | 10 (50%) | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) | 15 (75%) |
| Prophylactic heparinization postoperative | 0 | 0 | ||
| Prophylactic heparinization 24 h | 12 (60%) | 18 (90%) | 18 (90%) | |
| Prophylactic heparinization 72 h | 11 (55%) | 16 (80%) | 18 (90%) | |
| Therapeutic heparinization onset/preoperative | 8 (40%) | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Therapeutic heparinization postoperative | 0 | 1 (5%) | ||
| Therapeutic heparinization 24 h | 6 (30%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Therapeutic heparinization 72 h | 7 (35%) | 3 (15%) | 1 (5%) | |
Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or as an absolute number and percentage (n (%)) of the study group. Abbreviations: ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology Score; BMI: Body Mass Index; SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; NA: not applicable.