Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the study population by quartiles of pasta consumption expressed as g/1000 Kcal.
| Quartile 1 (n = 640) |
Quartile 2 (n = 641) |
Quartile 3 (n = 641) |
Quartile 4 (n = 640) |
p for Anova or χ2 | p for Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pasta (g/1000 Kcal) | 7.5 ± 4.4 (0.0–15.8) |
19.4 ± 4.2 (15.9–27.4) |
30.8 ± 5.0 (27.5–41.1) |
52.4 ± 14.0 (41.2–120.0) |
||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 4.4 | 30.5 ± 4.5 | 30.2 ± 4.5 | 30.4 ± 4.4 | 0.362 | 0.569 |
| BMI ≥30 Kg/m2 (%) | 48.6 | 49.5 | 48.0 | 49.7 | 0.926 | |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 103.9 ± 11.2 | 104.8 ± 11.1 | 104.7 ± 11.2 | 104.4 ± 11.3 | 0.497 | 0.524 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.545 | 0.154 |
| With Abdominal obesity * (%) | 71.9 | 74.6 | 75.0 | 74.1 | 0.589 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.67 ± 0.51 | 7.70 ± 0.50 | 7.67 ± 0.51 | 7.68 ± 0.51 | 0.707 | 0.915 |
| Proportion with HbA1c <7.5% | 26.0 | 23.7 | 25.8 | 24.4 | 0.445 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 104.7 ± 32.3 | 102.3 ± 31.5 | 102.2 ± 31.6 | 102.0 ± 30.3 | 0.364 | 0.142 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 47.8 ± 12.5 | 45.5 ± 11.8 | 46.1 ± 11.9 | 44.9 ± 11.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| LDL/HDL Ratio | 2.32 ± 0.90 | 2.36 ± 0.90 | 2.33 ± 0.90 | 2.39 ± 0.92 | 0.571 | 0.271 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 145.7 ± 71.5 | 153.4 ± 80.2 | 148.7 ± 72.6 | 155.2 ± 75.4 | 0.095 | 0.072 |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 133.8 ± 36.0 | 133.3 ± 36.3 | 132.9 ± 37.9 | 133.2 ± 35.0 | 0.980 | 0.963 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 132.5 ± 14.3 | 133.7 ± 13.9 | 135.2 ± 15.2 | 133.8 ± 15.0 | 0.034 | 0.012 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 78.9 ± 8.8 | 79.8 ± 8.6 | 80.1 ± 8.3 | 79.4 ± 8.4 | 0.103 | 0.300 |
| On lipid lowering medications (%) | 59.7 | 66.1 | 62.8 | 59.9 | 0.080 | |
| On antihypertensive medications (%) | 93.6 | 90.3 | 94.1 | 92.0 | 0.104 |
* Waist circumference: >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women. BMI—body mass index.