Table 2.
Effects of nutritional education interventions on abdominal obesity in 3406 children and adolescents in controlled trials.
| Reference | n | Age 1 | Intervention | Trial Type (Duration of Intervention) |
Outcome Measure | Results at the End of the Intervention 2 | Conclusions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kesztyüs et al. (2017) [28] | 1733 (881 F) IG 955 | 7.08 ± 0.63 y | School and home. Integration into regular curriculum and family reading material | RCT (1 y) | Incidence of abdominal obesity | Abdominal obesity (OR): IG, 0.48 (0.25,0.94) |
Significantly lower OR for incidence of abdominal obesity | |
| Gatto et al. (2017) [29] | 319 (166 F) IG 172 |
9.03 ± 0.9 y | Extracurricular. Nutrition, cooking and gardening (90 min/w) | RCT (12 w) | Change in waist circumference (%) | Waist circumference: IG, −1.7%; CG, 0.1% |
Significantly greater reduction in waist circumference (p < 0.001) | |
| Davis et al. (2011) [33] | 104 (50 F) IG 34 |
9.8 ± 0.7 y | Extracurricular. Nutrition, cooking and gardening (90 min/w) + 3 60-min family sessions | CT (12 w) | Mean waist circumference (cm) | Waist circumference: IG, 74.9 ± 13.6; CG, 77.3 ± 13.9 |
No significant differences | |
| Wadolowska et al. (2019) [27] | 464 (248 F) IG 319 |
11.9 (11.9–12.0) y | School. 15 h talks and workshops | CT (9 mo) | Mean difference of the change in z-WHtR and z-WC | z-WHtR: IG, −0.08 (−0.15,−0.01); CG, 0.10 (0.04,0.16) z-WC: IG, −0.05 (−0.12, −0.02); CG, 0.08 (0.03,0.19) |
Significant decrease in z-WHtR (p < 0.001) and z-WC (p < 0.05) | |
| Kong et al. (2013) [32] | 51 (30 F) IG 28 |
IG, 15.0 ± 1 y CG, 14.06 ± 0.7 y |
School and home. 8 sessions + DVD + print material | RCT (8 mo) | Mean change in waist circumference (cm) | Waist circumference: IG, 0.0 (−1.4,1.4); CG, 1.7 (0.4,2.9) |
Significantly lower increase in waist circumference (p = 0.04) | |
| Singhal et al. (2010) [34] | 201 (80 F) IG 99 |
IG, 16.04 ± 0.41 y CG, 16 ± 0.5 y |
School. Lectures and workshops (30 min/w) + 1 parent-teacher meeting | RCT (6 mo) | Mean change in waist circumference (cm) and waist-to-height ratio | Waist circumference: IG, −0.65 ± 3.99; CG, 0.65 ± 4.5 Waist-to-height ratio: IG, −0.005 ± 0.02; CG, 0.001 ± 0.02 |
Significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.02) | |
| Nupponen et al. (2015) [31] | 534 (260 F) IG 254 |
15–20 y | Home. Twice/y individualized dietary counseling | RCT (15–20 y) | RR of high waist circumference | RR of high waist circumference: IG, 0.78 (0.59–1.03) |
No significant differences | |
Abbreviations: CG, control group; CT, controlled trial; DVD, digital versatile disc; F, female; IG, intervention group; mo, months; OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, relative risk; w, weeks; y, years; z-WC, waist circumference z-score; z-WHtR, waist-to-height ratio z-score. 1 Values represent the range or the mean ± SD, as reported in the corresponding article. 2 Values represent the mean and mean changes (95%CI), odds ratio ± (95%CI), relative risk (95%CI) or mean ± SD, as reported in the corresponding article.