Table 5.
Effects of nutritional education interventions on fasting glucose in 1447 children and adolescents in controlled trials.
| Reference | n | Age 1 | Intervention | Trial Type (Duration of Intervention) | Outcome Measure | Results at the End of the Intervention 2 | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa et al. (2017) [30] | 305 (132 F) IG 126 |
8 y | Home. 9 visits to mothers during the first year of life | RCT (1 y) | Mean fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | Fasting glucose: BIG, 4.46 ± 0.42; BCG, 4.46 ± 0.42. GIG, 4.22 ± 0.42; GCG, 4.24 ± 0.38 |
No significant differences |
| Gatto et al. (2017) [29] | 319 (166 F) IG 172 |
9.03 ± 0.9 y | Extracurricular. Nutrition, cooking and gardening (90min/w) | RCT (12 w) | Change in fasting blood glucose (%) | Fasting glucose: IG, 2.2 %; CG, 1.5 % |
No significant differences |
| Kong et al. (2013) [32] | 51 (30 F) IG 28 |
IG, 15.0 ± 1 y CG, 14.06 ± 0.7 y |
School and home. 8 sessions + DVD + print material | RCT (8 mo) | Mean change in fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | Fasting glucose: IG, 0.3 (0.1,0.4); CG, 0.1 (−0.1,0.29) |
Significant increase in fasting glucose (p = 0.04) |
| Davis et al. (2009) [35] | 37 (17 F) IG 21 |
15.5 ± 1.0 y | Extracurricular. Nutrition, cooking and gardening (90 min/w) + 3 60-min family sessions | RCT (16 w) | Mean fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | Fasting glucose: IG, 91.4 ± 6.55; CG, 88.7 ± 8.0 |
No significant differences |
| Singhal et al. (2010) [34] | 201 (80 F) IG 99 |
IG, 16.04 ± 0.41 y CG, 16 ± 0.5 y |
School. Lectures and workshops (30 min/w) + 1 parent-teacher meeting | RCT (6 mo) | Mean change in fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | Fasting glucose: IG, −4.53 ± 7.03; CG, −2.08 ± 6.23 |
Significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.05) |
| Nupponen et al. (2015) [31] | 534 (260 F) IG 254 |
15–20 y | Home. Twice/y individualized dietary counseling | RCT (15–20 y) | Risk of high fasting glucose (RR) | RR high fasting glucose: IG, 0.86 (0.71–1.05) |
No significant differences |
Abbreviations: BCG, boys control group; BIG, boys intervention group; CG, control group; DVD, digital versatile disc; F, female; GIG, girls intervention group; GCG, girls control group; IG, intervention group; mo, months; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, relative risk; w, weeks; y, years. 1 Values represent the mean or the mean ± SD, as reported in the corresponding article. 2 Values represent the mean and mean changes (95%CI), mean ± SD or relative risk (95% CI), as reported in the corresponding article.