Figure 3.

Supplementation with ALA-biofortified butter increased n-3 PUFA content and degree of desaturation and elongation of fatty acids in the BAT in response to cold exposure. (A) Composition of n-3 (ALA, EPA, and DHA) and n-6 (ALA and LA) PUFA in the BAT at room temperature (Rm) or cold exposure (Cold) for 48 h (n = 4 per group). (B) Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of BAT at Rm and Cold. (C) C18:C16 ratio. (D) SCD ratio. (E) Western blot analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), elongation of long chain fatty acid-like family member 6 (ELOVL6). Each lane represents an individual animal (n = 3) and the β-actin used as a control for quantification (below). In (A,E), treatments with different letters are significantly different from one another (p < 0.05) by one-way ANOVA. All data represented as mean ± SEM. In (B–D), * p < 0.05, and *** p < 0.001 by Student′s t-test.