. 2020 Jan 17;12(1):241. doi: 10.3390/nu12010241

Table 3.

Effects of melanoidin malts on short-chain fatty acids. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 15).

	Melanoidins	Day 0	Day 3	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21
Acetate (mmol/mL)	0%	4.01 ± 0.68 ^a	3.1 ± 0.94 ^aA	4.1 ± 1.33 ^aA	2.35 ± 0.97 ^aA	2.13 ± 0.63 ^aB
Acetate (mmol/mL)	100%	4.01 ± 0.68 ^a	3.7 ± 1.33 ^aA	3.6 ± 1.41 ^aA	4.14 ± 1.05 ^aA	4.51 ± 0.43 ^aA
Propionate (mmol/mL)	0%	0.25 ± 0.03 ^a	0.21 ± 0.03 ^aA	0.16 ± 0.04 ^aA	0.07 ± 0.03 ^bA	0.06 ± 0.01 ^bB
Propionate (mmol/mL)	100%	0.25 ± 0.03 ^a	0.14 ± 0.05 ^aA	0.11 ± 0.04 ^bA	0.09 ± 0.02 ^bA	0.09 ± 0.03 ^bA
Butyrate (mmol/mL)	0%	0.42 ± 0.17 ^a	0.27 ± 0.04 ^aA	0.18 ± 0.07 ^aA	0.06 ± 0.03 ^bB	0.10 ± 0.01 ^bA
Butyrate (mmol/mL)	100%	0.42 ± 0.17 ^a	0.13 ± 0.04 ^bA	0.09 ± 0.02 ^bA	0.14 ± 0.01 ^bA	0.08 ± 0.02 ^bA
Total (mmol/mL)	0%	4.7 ± 0.88	3.6 ± 1.01	4.44 ± 1.44	2.5 ± 1.03	2.29 ± 0.62
Total (mmol/mL)	100%	4.7 ± 0.88	3.8 ± 1.42	3.8 ± 1.5	4.4 ± 1.08	4.68 ± 0.48

The same letters indicate no significant difference. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; ANOVA). The small letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.005; ANOVA) with the same diet on different days. The capital letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; ANOVA) on the same day between different diets.