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. 2020 Jan 5;9(1):145. doi: 10.3390/jcm9010145

Table 5.

Associations between dichotomized patients’ perceived treatment helpfulness and changes (Δ) in pain, physical and psychosocial functioning.

Helpfulness of Treatment (Yes/No) Test Δ FFbH-R Δ PDI Δ ADS-L Δ Pain Average Δ Pain Worst Δ Pain Least Δ Pain Current
Program (in general) H (1) = 13.534 7.936 3.044 17.454 19.262 9.031 8.201
p-value <0.001 0.005 0.081 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.004
η2 0.046 0.025 0.007 0.060 0.067 0.029 0.026
Physiotherapy (group) H (1) = 14.348 13.514 3.171 19.949 14.110 6.610 7.701
p-value <0.001 <0.001 0.075 <0.001 <0.001 0.010 0.006
η2 0.049 0.046 0.008 0.069 0.048 0.02 0.024
Physiotherapy (individual) F (1, 274) = 3.347 2.779 0.301 2.102 3.395 0.510 1.284
p-value 0.068 0.097 0.584 0.148 0.066 0.476 0.258
η 0.012 0.010 0.001 0.008 0.012 0.002 0.005
Relaxation therapy F (1, 274) = 2.138 3.126 3.494 5.949 6.661 7.883 8.073
p-value 0.145 0.078 0.063 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.005
η2 0.008 0.011 0.013 0.021 0.024 0.028 0.029
Aquatic therapy H (1) = 4.421 2.200 0.318 2.009 4.032 1.974 3.215
p-value 0.036 0.138 0.573 0.156 0.045 0.160 0.073
η2 0.012 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.011 0.004 0.008
Back education F (1, 274) = 9.865 2.535 1.217 11.824 13.393 5.559 4.785
p-value 0.002 0.113 0.271 <0.001 <0.001 0.019 0.030
η2 0.035 0.009 0.004 0.041 0.047 0.020 0.017
Music therapy F (1, 274) = 7.958 1.483 0.004 0.323 2.971 1.889 3.117
p-value 0.005 0.224 0.952 0.570 0.086 0.170 0.079
η2 0.028 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.007 0.011
Psychological pain therapy F (1, 274) = 0.510 1.593 0.380 1.943 4.048 1.621 1.553
p-value 0.476 0.208 0.538 0.165 0.045 0.204 0.214
η2 0.002 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.015 0.006 0.006
Biofeedback F (1, 274) = 8.261 6.592 0.115 8.851 8.691 5.079 4.573
p-value 0.004 0.011 0.735 0.003 0.003 0.025 0.033
η2 0.029 0.023 0.000 0.031 0.031 0.018 0.016
Medical training therapy H (1) = 9.694 6.045 0.029 5.817 10.830 1.249 1.160
p-value 0.002 0.014 0.865 0.016 0.001 0.264 0.281

H = Kruskal–Wallis Test; F = one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA, with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons); H-tests instead of F-tests were used if homogeneity of variances was violated. η2 = (partial-) Eta-squared; FFbH-R = Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire; PDI = Pain Disability Index; ADS-L = German Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.