CHD	Coronary heart disease
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CRP	C-reactive protein
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DOACs	Direct oral anticoagulants
GGCX	γ-glutamyl carboxylase
Gas6	Growth arrest-specific protein 6
Gla	γ-carboxyglutamic acid
Glu	Glutamic acid
GRAS	Generally recognized as safe
GRP	Gla-rich protein
HD	Haemodialysis
IKB	IkappaB kinase
INR	International normalized ratio
KH2	Vitamin K hydroquinone
KO	Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide
LDL	Low-density lipoproteins
12-LOX	12-lipoxygenase
LPS	Liposaccharide
LSF	Liquid-state fermentation process
MGP	Matrix-Gla protein
MKs	Menaquinones
MM	Mixed micelles
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
OA	Osteoarthritis
OC	Osteocalcin
PRGP1	Proline-rich Gla proteins
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SSF	Solid-state fermentation process
TLR	Triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins
TMG	Transmembrane Gla proteins
VC	Vascular calcification
VKAs	Vitamin K antagonists
VKDB	Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
VKDPs	Vitamin K-dependent proteins
VKORC1	Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1
VKORC1L1	Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like 1
WHO	World Health Organization