Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of individuals according to the compliance to the follow-up test after a positive FOBT in 2013.
| Total N = 214,131 | Non-Compliance Group N = 93,220 | Compliance Group N = 120,911 | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 112,465 | 48,261 | (42.9) | 64,204 | (57.1) | <0.0001 |
| Women | 101,666 | 44,959 | (44.2) | 56,707 | (55.8) | |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 50–59 | 86,466 | 34,628 | (40.0) | 51,838 | (60.0) | <0.0001 |
| 60–69 | 72,177 | 29,281 | (40.6) | 42,896 | (59.4) | |
| 70–79 | 46,942 | 23,427 | (49.9) | 23,515 | (50.1) | |
| ≥80 | 8546 | 5884 | (68.9) | 2662 | (31.1) | |
| Previous experience of colonoscopy or DCBE within 5 years | ||||||
| Yes | 194,788 | 88,064 | (45.2) | 106,724 | (54.8) | <0.0001 |
| No | 19,343 | 5156 | (26.7) | 14,187 | (73.3) | |
| Previous experience of a FOBT within 1 year | ||||||
| Negative | 179,623 | 80,664 | (49.2) | 98,959 | (50.8) | <0.0001 |
| Positive | 24,441 | 10,226 | (41.8) | 14,215 | (58.2) | |
| No experience | 10,067 | 2330 | (23.1) | 7737 | (76.9) | |
| History of medical facility use (within 6 months before and after a FOBT) | ||||||
| General Hospital | 33,894 | 13,913 | (41.0) | 19,981 | (59.0) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital | 41,493 | 16,017 | (38.6) | 25,476 | (61.4) | |
| Clinic | 133,023 | 59,980 | (45.1) | 73,043 | (54.9) | |
| Others * | 5721 | 3310 | (57.9) | 2411 | (42.1) | |
| Type of Health Insurance ** | ||||||
| NHI (local) | 63,692 | 26,897 | (42.2) | 36,795 | (57.8) | <0.0001 |
| NHI (company) | 144,277 | 63,262 | (43.8) | 81,015 | (56.2) | |
| MAP | 6162 | 3061 | (49.7) | 3101 | (50.3) | |
| Residence area | ||||||
| Urban area *** | 86,293 | 37,449 | (43.4) | 48,844 | (56.6) | 0.2949 |
| Rural area † | 127,838 | 55,771 | (43.6) | 72,067 | (56.4) | |
| Health insurance premium level (based on the quartile) ‡ | ||||||
| Quartile 25% | 50,761 | 23,504 | (46.3) | 27,257 | (53.7) | <0.0001 |
| Quartile 50% | 46,357 | 20,570 | (44.4) | 25,787 | (55.6) | |
| Quartile 75% | 49,381 | 20,669 | (41.9) | 28,712 | (58.1) | |
| Quartile 100% | 67,632 | 28,477 | (42.1) | 39,155 | (57.9) | |
| Types of medical facility that performed a FOBT | ||||||
| General Hospital | 47,236 | 19,988 | (42.3) | 27,248 | (57.7) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital | 67,078 | 29,393 | (43.8) | 37,685 | (56.2) | |
| Clinic | 99,643 | 43,737 | (43.9) | 55,906 | (56.1) | |
| Others * | 174 | 102 | (58.6) | 72 | (41.4) | |
| CCI | ||||||
| 0 | 79,457 | 35,318 | (44.4) | 44,139 | (55.6) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 65,016 | 28,220 | (43.4) | 36,796 | (56.6) | |
| 2 | 39,895 | 16,868 | (42.3) | 23,027 | (57.7) | |
| 3 | 29,763 | 12,814 | (43.1) | 16,949 | (56.9) | |
| Anemia | ||||||
| Absent | 186,172 | 80,997 | (43.5) | 105,175 | (56.5) | 0.5069 |
| Present | 27,959 | 12,223 | (43.7) | 15,736 | (56.3) | |
| Hemorrhagic and hematologic diseases | ||||||
| Absent | 210,124 | 91,414 | (43.5) | 118,710 | (56.5) | 0.0476 |
| Present | 4007 | 1806 | (45.1) | 2201 | (54.9) | |
| Osteoporosis | ||||||
| Absent | 172,796 | 74,847 | (43.3) | 97,949 | (56.7) | <0.0001 |
| Present | 41,335 | 18,373 | (44.4) | 22,962 | (55.6) | |
| Depression | ||||||
| Absent | 181,782 | 79,538 | (43.8) | 102,244 | (56.2) | <0.0001 |
| Present | 32,349 | 13,682 | (42.3) | 18,667 | (57.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <25 | 134,107 | 58,972 | (44.0) | 75,135 | (56.0) | <0.0001 |
| ≥25 | 80,024 | 34,248 | (42.8) | 45,776 | (57.2) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| Absent | 134,894 | 59,517 | (44.1) | 75,377 | (55.9) | <0.0001 |
| Present | 79,237 | 33,703 | (42.5) | 45,534 | (57.5) | |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Absent | 136,636 | 59,438 | (43.5) | 77,198 | (56.5) | 0.6815 |
| Present | 77,495 | 33,782 | (43.6) | 43,713 | (56.4) | |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| <3 times/week | 79,729 | 36,675 | (46.0) | 43,054 | (54.0) | <0.0001 |
| ≥3 times/week | 134,402 | 56,545 | (42.1) | 77,857 | (57.9) | |
* Nursing home, public health center, etc. ** The National Health Insurance (NHI) insured are classified into two groups; NHI (company) represented the people (employees) hired by the company and NHI (local) represented the people hired by themselves (self-employed). *** Urban area was defined as the capital and metropolitan cities in Korea (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Ulsan). † Rural area was defined as the provinces in Korea (Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju). ‡ Health insurance premium levels (based on the quartile) were calculated based on the annual insurance fee, which was assessed by people’s annual income and property. The quartiles 25, 50, 75, and 100% represented their paid insurance fee levels in an ascending manner. Their groups represented the economic status. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT); double contrast barium enema (DCBE); National Health Insurance (NHI); Medical Aid Program (MAP); Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); body mass index (BMI).