Table 3.
Description of patients for whom intubation failed (n = 105).
| Patients without CA (n = 16) |
Patients with CA (n = 89) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Device used for oxygenation—n (%) | ||
| Laryngeal mask airway | 10 (63) | 72 (81) |
| Bag mask | 3 (19) | 12 (13) |
| Cricothyroidotomy | 1 (6) | 3 (3) |
| Return of spontaneous breathing | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Oxygenating bougie | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Oxygenation impossible | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Adverse events | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 1 (6) | NA |
| Hypoxia | 7 (44) | NA |
| Aspiration | 2 (13) | 23 (26) |
| Dental lesion | 1 (6) | 2 (2) |
| Indication of tracheal intubation | ||
| Cardiac arrest | NA | 89 (100) |
| Medical—intoxication | 1 (6) | NA |
| Medical—respiratory distress | 3 (19) | NA |
| Neurology | 5 (31) | NA |
| Trauma—head injury | 7 (44) | NA |
| Rapid sequence induction—n (%) | 16 (100) | 3 (3) |
| Early decision to withdraw resuscitation attempts—n (%) 1 | 0 (0) | 56 (63) |
| Unsupervised | 0 (0) | 26 (46) |
| Distant supervision | 0 (0) | 17 (30) |
| Onsite supervision | 0 (0) | 12 (21) |
| Not applicable 2 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Transport to the ED—n (%) | 16 (100) | 10 (11) |
| Attempted intubation in the ED—n (%) 3 | ||
| No | 2 (13) | 2 (20) |
| Yes | 13 (81) | 7 (70) |
| Missing | 1 (6) | 1 (10) |
| Successful intubation in the ED—n (%) 4 | ||
| No | 1 (8) | 2 (29) |
| Yes | 12 (92) | 5 (71) |
| Device successfully used—n (%) 5 | ||
| Macintosh laryngoscope | 6 (50) | 3 (60) |
| Fibroscopy | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Intubating LMA | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Airtraq | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Missing | 4 (33) | 1 (20) |
1 Overall percentage is for patients with cardiac arrest (CA), and categorical percentages are for patients with early decision to withdraw resuscitation attempts. 2 Not applicable indicates that the intervention was already realized by the supervisor. 3 Percentage of patients transported to the emergency department (ED). 4 Percentage of attempted intubations. 5 Percentage of successful intubations.