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. 2020 Jan 10;11(1):79. doi: 10.3390/mi11010079

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Demonstration of individual culturing chambers. (A) Culturing the human retinal pigmental epithelial cell (ARPE-19) monolayer in the upper channel. (A1) Microscopic view focusing on the upper channel, showing monolayer of ARPE. (B) Formation of microvascular lumens in the lower channels. “M” (medium channels) corresponded to * (lower channel) in Figure 1A. (B1) Confocal microscopic image staining for zonula occludens-1 (ZO1) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (B2) Snapshots taken after loading 70 kDa of FITC-dextran into one side of the lower channel immediately (top) and 30 min after (bottom).