Table 2.
Characteristics of participants with nutritional status.
| Variables | Total n = 294 |
Normal Nutritional n = 225 |
Malnutrition Risk n = 69 |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.8 ± 5.8 | 75.9 ± 5.7 | 75.3 ± 6.3 | 0.456 |
| Female, n (%) | 209 (71.1) | 154 (68.4) | 55 (79.7) | 0.071 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 101 (34.4) | 73 (32.4) | 28 (40.6) | 0.213 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.134 | |||
| Current | 22 (7.5) | 13 (5.8) | 9 (13.0) | |
| Former | 68 (23.1) | 53 (23.6) | 15 (21.7) | |
| Consumes alcohol, n (%) | 113 (38.4) | 89 (39.6) | 24 (34.8) | 0.476 |
| Health status | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 24 (8.2) | 19 (8.4) | 5 (7.2) | 0.751 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 72 (24.5) | 57 (25.3) | 15 (21.7) | 0.544 |
| Take >4 prescription drugs per day, n (%) | 90 (30.6) | 70 (31.1) | 20 (29.0) | 0.738 |
| Suspected dysphagia, n (%) | 55 (18.7) | 36 (16.0) | 19 (27.5) | 0.032 * |
| Depression, n (%) | 46 (15.6) | 31 (13.8) | 15 (21.7) | 0.111 |
| Frailty, n (%) | 28 (9.5) | 16 (7.1) | 12 (17.4) | 0.011 * |
| Protein mass (kg) | 7.6 ± 1.4 | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | <0.001 ** |
| Dental status, n (%) | 0.048 * | |||
| Complete denture | 29 (9.9) | 21 (9.3) | 8 (11.6) | |
| Partial denture | 189 (64.3) | 153 (68.0) | 36 (52.2) | |
| Eating habits, n (%) | ||||
| Eating alone | 115 (39.1) | 84 (37.3) | 31 (44.9) | 0.258 |
| Self-cooking | 217 (73.8) | 165 (73.3) | 52 (75.4) | 0.737 |
| Awareness of salt restriction | 225 (76.5) | 179 (79.6) | 46 (66.7) | 0.027 * |
| Salt taste impaired | 162 (55.1) | 124 (55.1) | 38 (55.1) | 0.995 |
| At least one serving of dairy products per day | 239 (81.3) | 185 (82.2) | 54 (78.3) | 0.460 |
| Two or more servings of legumes per week | 254 (86.4) | 198 (88.0) | 56 (81.2) | 0.147 |
| Meats or fish every day | 215 (73.1) | 169 (75.1) | 46 (66.7) | 0.166 |
| Two or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day | 244 (83.0) | 181 (80.4) | 63 (91.3) | 0.036 * |
Results are presented as mean ± SD, or n (%); *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01.