Table 12.
Major components and antifungal activities of Asteraceae essential oils.
| Plant Species | Major Components (>5%) in the Essential Oil | Antifungal Activity, MIC, μg/mL a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspergillus niger | Candida albicans | Cryptococcus neoformans | ||
| Eupatorium serotinum Michx. | germacrene D (6.6%), palustrol (5.4%), cyclocolorenone (23.5%) | 313 | 625 | 78 |
| Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. | β-pinene (8.5%), limonene (28.6%), terpinolene (5.3%), germacrene D (19.7%), germacrene B (7.0%) | 625 | 625 | 156 |
| Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E. Lamont | hexanal (6.8%), (2E)-hexenal (59.7%), methyl salicylate (10.4%), eugenol (11.8%) | 625 | 625 | 625 |
| Polymnia canadensis L. | α-pinene (19.6%), α-phellandrene (28.2%), germacrene D (11.4%) | 625 | 625 | 156 |
| Rudbeckia laciniata L. | α-pinene (10.2%), β-pinene (9.2%), myrcene (5.3%), limonene (58.9%) | 625 | 1250 | 156 |
| Silphium integrifolium Michx. | α-pinene (58.5%), β-pinene (14.7%), myrcene (9.7%) | n.t. b | n.t. | n.t. |
| Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. | α-pinene (62.3%), β-pinene (6.0%), limonene (11.3%) | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |
| Solidago altissima L. | α-pinene (13.9%), sabinene (14.2%), myrcene (20.2%), bornyl acetate (14.4%), germacrene D (10.6%) | 625 | 1250 | 313 |
| Xanthium strumarium L. | (2E)-hexenal (5.8%), myrcene (14.3%), limonene (48.0%), germacrene D (13.9%) | 625 | 1250 | n.t. |
a Each minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was carried out in triplicate. b n.t. = not tested due to limited availability of the essential oil.