Anticancer activity |
-
-
Inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells;
-
-
Activation of “TRAIL”-apoptopic cell death;
-
-
Inhibition of tumour growth in chronic yelogenous leukaemia (CML);
-
-
Antioxidant action and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells (breast adenocarcinoma cells) (C. limon seed extract).
|
[9,47] |
Antioxidant activity |
|
[8,48] |
Anti-inflammatory activity |
-
-
Inhibition of NF-κB factor, nitric oxide (II) synthase (iNOS), induced cyclooxygenase (COX-2) (hesperidin, hesperitin);
-
-
Down-regulation of TLR-signaling pathway (limonin).
|
[8,49,50,52] |
Antibacterial activity |
-
-
Inhibiting activity against Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis;
-
-
Inhibiting activity against Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Helicobacter pylori.
|
[5,7] |
Antifungal activity |
|
[7] |
Antiviral activity |
|
[57] |
Anti-allergic activity |
|
[1,59] |
Hepatoregenerative activity |
-
-
Normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin;
-
-
Reduction in malonic dialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.
|
[10] |
Prevention of diabetes and treatment of its symptoms |
-
-
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis (naringenin, hesperitin);
-
-
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis (naringenin, hesperitin);
-
-
Reducing wound-healing time;
-
-
Increasing tissue growth rate, collagen synthesis, and protein and hydroxyproline concentration.
|
[1,60] |
Anti-obesity activity |
|
[1,62] |
Effects on the cardiovascular system |
-
-
Limiting myocardial damage (naringenin);
-
-
Decreasing blood fibrinogen;
-
-
Lowering blood pressure in people with hypertension.
|
[1,11,63] |
Effects on the nervous system |
|
[67] |
Effects on the respiratory system |
|
[68] |
Effects on the skeletal system |
-
-
Increasing bone density;
-
-
Decreasing osteoclast activity;
-
-
Decreasing TRAP-positive multinucleated cell numbers (nomilin);
-
-
Decreasing bone resorption activity (nomilin);
-
-
Down regulation osteoclast-specific genes (NFATc1 and TRAP mRNA levels) (nomilin).
|
[66,69] |
Treatment of menstrual disorders |
|
[5] |