Antioxidant activity |
C. limon essential oil |
Strong lipid peroxidation reduction and free radical reduction effect in vitro and in vivo. |
[79,80] |
C. limon var. pompia fruit extracts |
Extract enclosed in hyalurosomes and glycerosomes reduces oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and the viability of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. |
Depigmenting activity |
Essential oil ingredients (e.g., citral, β-pinene, D-limonene) |
Essential oil components show tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Mixture of essential oil ingredients has a stronger inhibitory effect due to their synergistic effect. |
[80] |
Effect of increasing the penetration of substances |
C. limon essential oil |
Acc. to in vitro study on human epidermal cells (SkinEthic), C. limon essential oil increased the penetration of α-tocopherol. Modification of TEWL (Trans Epidermal Water Loss) was transient. C. limon essential oil enhanced the penetration of locally administered lipids and water-soluble vitamins. |
[81] |
Preservative effect in cosmetics |
C. limon essential oil |
Antibacterial activity and increasing the fungistatic effect of synthetic preservatives. |
[7,52,53] |