Table 1.

Full questions used in survey to measure ACEs and coding

ACE questions. All ACE questions were preceded by the statement “While you were growing up, before the age of 18...”
ACE	Question	Qualifying response
Physical abuse	How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? This does not include gentle smacking for punishment?	Once or more than once
Verbal abuse	How often did a parent or adult in your home ever swear at you, insult you, or put you down?	More than once
Sexual abuse	How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) ever touch you sexually?	Once or more than once to any of the questions
	How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) try to make you touch them sexually?
	How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) force you to have any type of sexual intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal)?
Parental separation	Were your parents ever separated or divorced?	Yes
Domestic violence	How often did your parents or adults in your home ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up?	Once or more than once
Mental illness	Did you live with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill, or suicidal?	Yes
Alcohol abuse	Did you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic?	Yes
Drug abuse	Did you live with anyone who used illegal street drugs or who abused prescription medications?	Yes
Incarceration	Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in a prison or young offenders’ institution?	Yes