Table 2.
Disease, activity, and periodontal characteristics with respect to anti-CCP antibodies
| Anti-CCP negative (N = 55) | Anti-CCP positive (N = 109) | p value | Total (N = 164) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median time evolution (P25;P75) years | 7.3 (2.0; 12.0) | 6.6 (2.5; 11.8) | 0.852 | 6.8 (2.4; 11.9) |
| Early RA (less than 2 years) | 14 (26%) | 23 (21%) | 0.529 | 37 (23%) |
| Established RA | 41 (75%) | 88 (81%) | 0.361 | 129 (79%) |
| Rheumatoid factor | ||||
| Seropositive | 25 (46%) | 95 (87%) | < 0.001 | 120 (73%) |
| RF titers (I.U./mL) | 63.0 (90.48) | 234.5 (392.73) | < 0.001 | 177.33 (334.32) |
| Low (< 90) | 38 (72%) | 43 (41%) | 81 (51%) | |
| Moderate (91–300) | 14 (26%) | 40 (38%) | 54 (34%) | |
| High (> 300) | 1 (2%) | 23 (22%) | 24 (15%) | |
| Level of activity | ||||
| DAS28 (SD) | 3.47 (1.31) | 3.98 (1.34) | 0.023 | 3.81 (1.35) |
| DAS28-CRP (SD) | 2.95 (1.15) | 3.30 (1.22) | 0.069 | 3.19 (1.21) |
| SDAI (SD) | 12.16 (8.97) | 15.77 (11.63) | 0.045 | 14.56 (10.92) |
| CDAI (SD) | 10.92 (10.37) | 13.65 (10.51) | 0.116 | 12.73 (10.51) |
| Disease activity categories | 0.122 | |||
| Remission | 16 (29%) | 20 (17%) | 34 (21%) | |
| Low | 12 (22%) | 21 (19%) | 33 (20%) | |
| Moderate | 23 (42%) | 51 (47%) | 74 (45%) | |
| High | 4 (7%) | 19 (17%) | 23 (14%) | |
| Glucocorticoid therapy | 0.700 | |||
| No glucocorticoids | 29 (53%) | 54 (49%) | 83 (51%) | |
| Glucocorticoids | 26 (47%) | 55 (51%) | 81 (49%) | |
| Current dosage GC (SD) (mg/d) | 2.84 (4.50) | 3.19 (4.39) | 0.636 | 3.07 (4.42) |
| Current dosage GC | 0.239 | |||
| Low < 7.5 | 49 (89%) | 93 (85%) | 142 (86%) | |
| Moderate 7.5–20 | 4 (7%) | 15 (14%) | 19 (12%) | |
| High > 20 | 2 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Type of RA therapy | 0.577 | |||
| No treatment | 4 (7%) | 6 (6%) | 10 (6%) | |
| sDMARDs | 25 (46%) | 62 (57%) | 87 (53%) | |
| ≥ 2 sDMARDs | 19 (34%) | 31 (28%) | 50 (31%) | |
| bDMARDs | 7 (13%) | 10 (9%) | 17 (10%) | |
| Periodontitis* | 0.276 | |||
| Level 0 | – | 4 (4%) | 4 (3%) | |
| Level 1 | 31 (56%) | 53 (49%) | 84 (51%) | |
| Level 2 | 24 (44%) | 52 (48%) | 76 (46%) | |
| Periodontitis** | 0.422 | |||
| No | – | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | |
| Stage I | 8 (15%) | 18 (17%) | 26 (16%) | |
| Stage II | 21 (38%) | 33 (30%) | 54 (33%) | |
| Stage III | 16 (29%) | 25 (23%) | 41 (25%) | |
| Stage IV | 10 (18%) | 31 (28%) | 41 (25%) | |
| Stages III+IV | 26 (47%) | 56 (51%) | 0.370 | 82 (50%) |
| Mean PI | 22.4 (13.3) | 3.01 (19.7) | 0.001 | 28.1 (18.2) |
| Mean PPD | 2.99 (0.48) | 3.16 (0.70) | 0.069 | 3.10 (0.64) |
| CAL | 3.72 (0.85) | 4.16 (1.43) | 0.015 | 4.01 (1.28) |
| Tooth Loss*** | 5.89 (5.06) | 6.47 (5.53) | 0.516 | 6.27 (5.37) |
| N° PPD ≥ 5 mm | 11.64 (11.02) | 16.93 (19.63) | 0.029 | 15.15 (17.37) |
| % PPD ≥ 5 mm | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.14 (0.16) | 0.014 | 0.12 (0.15) |
| % BoP | 0.58 (0.19) | 0.65 (0.24) | 0.055 | 0.63 (0.23) |
Data represent numbers, percentages, mean (SD), or median (P25;P75)
Anti-CCP anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, bDMARD biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, CAL clinical attachment level, CDAI Clinical Disease Activity Index, CRP C-reactive protein, DAS28 28-joint Disease Activity Score with ESR, DAS28-CRP 28-joint Disease Activity Score with CRP, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GC glucocorticoids, N° PPD ≥ 5 mm number of pockets ≥ 5 mm, PI plaque index, PPD probing pocket depth, RA rheumatoid arthritis, RF rheumatoid factor, SDAI simplified disease activity index, SD standard deviation, sDMARDs synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, % BoP percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, %PPD ≥ 5 mm: percentage of pockets ≥ 5 mm
*Levels of periodontitis according to Tonetti’s classification (2005)
**Levels of periodontitis according to Tonetti’s classification (2018)
***Tooth Loss: number of missing teeth