Table 3. Correlations between understory characteristics and environmental factors.

	2 years after thinning				3 years after thinning
	Shrub layers		Herb layers		Shrub layers			Herb layers
	Species richness	Cover	Species richness	Cover	Species richness	Cover	Biomass	Species richness	Cover	Biomass
SMC (%)	0.030*	0.253	0.686	0.401	0.614	0.601	0.948	0.300	0.429	0.718
pH	0.232	0.807	0.358	0.964	0.983	0.813	0.354	0.485	0.716	0.593
SOC (g kg−1)	0.184	0.014*	0.040*	0.066	0.044*	0.004**	0.001***	0.062	0.092	0.000***
TN (g kg−1)	0.208	0.021*	0.092	0.176	0.068	0.014*	0.001***	0.142	0.267	0.000***
TP (g kg−1)	0.657	0.113	0.645	0.472	0.090	0.043*	0.091	0.098	0.186	0.067
AN (mg kg−1)	0.408	0.181	0.807	0.770	0.273	0.229	0.198	0.066	0.641	0.127
AP (mg kg−1)	0.221	0.011*	0.065	0.197	0.002**	0.004**	0.007**	0.004**	0.110	0.001***
AK (mg kg−1)	0.809	0.063	0.747	0.282	0.178	0.034*	0.205	0.392	0.184	0.168
Mg (mg kg−1)	0.897	0.729	0.877	0.418	0.674	0.706	0.332	0.476	0.167	0.527
Mn (mg kg−1)	0.528	0.613	0.820	0.648	0.419	0.407	0.955	0.329	0.311	0.905
MBC (mg kg−1)	0.717	0.746	0.681	0.690	0.457	0.931	0.597	0.119	0.747	0.867
MBN (mg kg−1)	0.180	0.170	0.687	0.366	0.105	0.259	0.744	0.083	0.366	0.438
TD (Stem ha−1)	0.005**	0.000***	0.000***	0.005**	0.000***	0.000***	0.011*	0.001***	0.007**	0.000***
Aspect	0.836	0.752	0.611	0.401	0.631	0.972	0.534	0.793	0.233	0.587
Slope (∘)	0.627	0.639	0.735	0.760	0.570	0.925	0.425	0.369	0.814	0.659
Slope position	0.341	0.975	0.845	0.991	0.755	0.837	0.523	1.000	0.608	0.548

Notes.

^*P < 0.05.

^**P < 0.01.

^***P < 0.001.

TD, Tree density. Other descriptions as in Table 2.