Table 1:
Demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics of study population
| All MS Participants (n = 41) |
RRMS Participants (n = 31) |
Progressive MS Participants (n = 10) |
Healthy Volunteers (n = 5) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic/clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 46.0 (11.4) years | 43.8 (11.7) | 52.8* (7.6) | 44.4 (11.4) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female (%) | 27 (66) | 20 (65) | 7 (70) | 1** (20) |
| Male (%) | 14 (34) | 11 (36) | 3 (30) | 4** (80) |
| MS Subtype | N/A | |||
| RRMS (%) | 31 (76) | 31 (100) | ||
| SPMS (%) | 5 (12) | 5 (50) | ||
| PPMS (%) | 5 (12) | 5 (50) | ||
| On Disease Modifying Therapy (%) | 32 (78) | 25 (81) | 7 (70) | N/A |
| Disease duration, mean (SD) | 11.4 (8.6) | 11.1 (8.9) | 12.2 (8.3) | N/A |
| EDSS score, median (range) | 3.0 (1 – 6.5) | 2.5 (1 – 6) | 5.75* (3 – 6.5) | N/A |
| Cortical Lesions | ||||
| Leukocortical CL Count, median (range) | 17 (2 – 69) | 16 (2 – 52) | 24.5 (6 – 69) | 0** (0 – 3) |
| Leukocortical CL Volume, median (range) | 183.6 (18.2 – 515.6) | 179.9 (18.2 – 429.1) | 253.6 (56.0 – 515.6) | 0** (0 – 35.5) |
| Intracortical CL Count, median (range) | 4 (0 – 13) | 4 (0 – 13) | 6 (0 – 12) | 0** (0 – 2) |
| Intracortical CL Volume, median (range) | 22.5 (0 – 91.1) | 22.5 (0 – 91.1) | 23.0 (0 – 58.3) | 0** (0 – 10.3) |
| Subpial CL Count, median (range) | 2 (0 – 7) | 2 (0 – 6) | 2 (0 – 7) | 0** (0 – 1) |
| Subpial CL Volume, median (range) | 50.0 (0 – 708.7) | 50.0 (0 – 215.4) | 68.4 (0 – 708.7) | 0** (0 – 15.6) |
| Hippocampal CL Count, median (range) | 1 (0 – 7) | 1 (0 – 7) | 0 (0 – 5) | 0** (0) |
| Hippocampal CL Volume, median (range) | 9.3 (0 – 172.0) | 17.6 (0 – 155.7) | 0 (0 – 172.0) | 0** (0) |
| Total CL Count, median (range) | 23 (2 – 82) | 23 (2 – 69) | 36 (6 – 82) | 0** (0 – 6) |
| Total CL Volume, median (range) | 323.7 (18.2 – 1356.5) | 296.2 (18.2 – 641.1) | 429.4 (56.0 – 1356.5) | 0** (0 – 61.3) |
| Other MRI Measures | ||||
| Cortical GM Volume, median (range) | 471934.3 (400895.9 – 555095.6) | 471934.3 (410096.6 – 555095.6) | 475994.6 (400895.9 – 523555.3) | 509291.7 (426971.8 – 541186.9) |
| Mean Cortical Thickness, median (range) | 3.41 (3.09 – 3.65) | 3.42 (3.12 – 3.65) | 3.38 (3.09 – 3.52) | 3.37 (3.20 – 3.60) |
| Cerebral WM Volume, median (range) | 445652.8 (373890.3 – 544424.1) | 445505.9 (373890.3 – 544424.1) | 467259.6 (378126.2 – 528407.4) | 477281.9 (433642.6 – 587932.4) |
| WM Lesion Volume, median (range) | 2821.4 (51.7 – 19385.8) | 4590.7 (51.7 – 19175.7) | 2669.3 (620.6 – 19385.8) | 28.82665** (0 – 1188.9) |
| Meningeal Enhancement Patterns | ||||
| Nodular | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.2 (0.45) |
| Median (Range) | 0 (0 – 2) | 0 (0 – 2) | 0* (0) | 0 (0 – 1) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 13 (32) | 13 (42) | 0* (0) | 1 (20) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 5 (12) | 5 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Spread/fill-sulcal | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.4 (2.1) | 1.4 (1.6) | 0.4 (0.55) |
| Median (Range) | 1 (0 – 10) | 1 (0 – 10) | 1 (0 – 4) | 0 (0 – 1) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 24 (59) | 18 (58) | 6 (60) | 2 (40) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 14 (34) | 10 (32) | 4 (40) | 0 (0) |
| Spread/fill-gyral | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.7 (2.5) | 0** (0) |
| Median (Range) | 1 (0 – 6) | 2 (0 – 5) | 0.5 (0 – 6) | 0** (0) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 25 (61) | 20 (65) | 5 (50) | 0** (0) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 20 (49) | 17 (55) | 3 (30) | 0** (0) |
| Spread/fill-infratentorial | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
| Median (Range) | 0.2 0 (0 – 1) | 0 (0 – 1) | 0 (0 – 1) | 0 (0) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 4 (10) | 3 (10) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Spread/fill – any | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.1 (3.0) | 3.1 (2.9) | 3.2 (3.3) | 0.4** (0.55) |
| Median (Range) | 2 (0 – 12) | 2 (0 – 12) | 2 (0 – 9) | 0** (0 – 1) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 31 (76) | 23 (74) | 8 (80) | 2 (40) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 25 (61) | 20 (65) | 5 (50) | 0** (0) |
| LME – any pattern | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.6 (3.1) | 3.7 (3.1) | 3.2 (3.3) | 0.6** (0.55) |
| Median (Range) | 3 (0 – 14) | 4 (0 – 14) | 2 (0 – 9) | 1** (0 – 1) |
| N cases with pattern (%) | 33 (81) | 25 (81) | 8 (80) | 3 (60) |
| N cases with > 1 foci (%) | 27 (66) | 22 (71) | 5 (50) | 0** (0) |
All volumes are reported in units of mm3. Raw volumes are reported, but normalized (to intracranial volume) values were used for statistical comparison as to adjust for head size. SD = standard deviation. RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS. SPMS = secondary progressive MS. PPMS = primary progressive MS. EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale. CL = cortical lesion. GM = gray matter. WM = white matter. LME = leptomeningeal enhancement.
*
= p < 0.05 for difference between RRMS and progressive MS.
**
= p < 0.05 for difference between MS and healthy volunteers.