Table 3.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Models for Predicting OD

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
			Wald				Wald				Wald
Predictors	OR	95% CI	Χ 2	p	OR	95% CI	Χ 2	p	OR	95% CI	Χ 2	p
Odor identification	0.59	0.51–0.69	48.58	<.001	0.59	0.51–0.68	53.12	<.001	0.58	0.51–0.68	53.64	<.001
Age*			20.79	<001			31.06	<.001			28.74	<.001
66	1.82	1.04–3.19	4.34	.037	1.69	0.99–2.88	3.64	.057	1.66	0.97–2.85	3.64	.057
72	1.72	0.92–3.22	2.68	.101	1.55	0.86–2.79	2.12	.146	1.51	0.83–2.72	2.22	.136
78	3.95	1.99–7.84	14.45	<.001	3.79	2.06–6.97	18.24	<.001	3.56	1.92–6.58	17.47	<.001
>80	4.72	2.20-0.11	15.21	<.001	5.05	2.55–9.97	21.71	<.001	4.56	2.29–9.07	19.98	<.001
Current smoking	1.92	1.12–3.29	5.44	.020	1.89	1.12–3.20	5.60	.018	1.92	1.13–3.24	5.87	.015
Atrial fibrillation	2.07	1.15–3.75	5.93	.015	1.89	1.06–3.37	4.72	.030	1.95	1.09–3.47	5.07	.024
Cerebrovascular disease	2.35	1.02–5.39	3.94	.047	2.42	1.06–5.55	4.37	.037	2.39	1.05–5.44	4.26	.039
APOE (ε4 carrier)	1.58	1.04–2.39	4.25	.039	1.53	1.01–2.30	4.05	.044	1.54	1.02–2.33	4.23	.040
Episodic memory	0.96	0.91–1.02	2.36	.124					0.93	0.86–1.00	4.03	.045
Perceptual speed	0.99	0.95–1.04	0.80	.371
MMSE	0.83	0.66–1.04	2.57	.109
Physical inactivity	1.38	0.86–2.23	1.84	.175
Head trauma	1.40	0.82–2.38	1.49	.222
Hypertension	0.66	0.44–1.00	3.81	.051
Complex leisure activity	0.96	0.86–1.08	0.33	.569
Social network index	1.00	0.63–1.57	0.00	.973

Note: CI = Confidence interval; MMSE = Mini-Mental State examination; OD = Olfactory dysfunction; OR = Odds ratio.

*Reference category: 60 years. The −2 log likelihood was 682.3 for model 1, 697.9 for model 2 and 693.94 for model 3. Nagelkerke’s R² was 0.23 for model 1, 0.21 for model 2 and 0.21 for model 3. Results from the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit: Χ ² = 2.37, p = .967 for model 1, Χ ² = 7.10, p = .526 for model 2 and Χ ² = 6.08, p = .638 for model 3.