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. 2020 Feb 14;11:891. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14747-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Simultaneously measured PL and EL intensities at (a) a low driving voltage of 2.1 V and (b) high driving voltage of 2.8 V, respectively. c Alternate EL and PL intensity measurements of a device before and after aging (Black line: first measure the PL intensity on the fresh device; red line: turn off the laser and measure the EL intensities at a constant current density of 100 mA cm⁻² for 15 min; blue line: remove bias and measure the PL intensities again; magenta line: turn off the laser and measure the EL intensities again at a constant current density of 100 mA cm⁻²). The EL intensity measurements at 100 mA cm⁻² are the aging processes.