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. 2020 Feb 14;10:2668. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59404-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Observation under confocal microscopy of the 40 kDa dextran penetration in 7-day stressed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells before (left image) and after being pretreated with a combination of PEF and mechanical compressions (right image: visualization of the dextran 40 kDa inside the algal cell). The cell wall is stained with ConA (yellow fluorescence), the auto-fluorescence of the chlorophyll is detected in red and the fluorescence of the dextran molecule in green³⁴.