Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, fat compartments, and renal parameters
| Clinical characteristics | All (n = 51) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 62.9 ± 6.9 |
| Male, n (%) | 39 (76) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.0 (28.3–33.6) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 101 ± 10.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 139 ± 15.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79 ± 7.4 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 111.7 ± 10.8 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 34 (67) |
| RAAS inhibitor use, n (%) | 32 (63) |
| Diabetes duration, years | 7 (4–12) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 8.3 ± 1.5 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.3 ± 0.7 |
| Plasma renin concentration, pg/mL | 9.6 (4.1–22.7) |
| Fat compartments | |
| RSF, cm2 | 2.3 (1.5–3.3) |
| Total kidney (TK) area, cm2 | 23.3 ± 4.3 |
| RSF/TK | 0.11 (0.7–0.14) |
| SAT area, cm2 | 275 (222–329) |
| VAT area, cm2 | 263 ± 93 |
| Renal parameters | |
| eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 86 (75–98) |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 90 (80–106) |
| GFR (inulin), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 83 ± 16 |
| ERPF, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 358 ± 90 |
| FF, % | 23.7 ± 2.9 |
| FENa, % | 1.16 (0.95–1.32) |
| NGAL, ng/mmol | 6.52 (3.92–15.48) |
| KIM-1, ng/mmol | 0.41 (0.19–1.21) |
| ACR, mg/mmol | 1.00 (0.46–2.93) |
Values are means (±SD) or medians (interquartile range)
ACR albumin/creatinine ratio, BMI body mass index, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ERPF effective renal plasma flow, FENa fractional excretion of sodium, FF filtration fraction, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1, MDRD modification of diet in renal disease, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, RSF renal sinus fat, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT visceral adipose tissue