Table 1.
Characterization data for Al0 and Al2O3 NM. Modified from30.
| Methods | Al0 NM | Al2O3 NM |
|---|---|---|
| TEM | Primary particle size and shape: 2–50 nm, nearly spherical | Primary particle size and shape: 10 × 20–50 nm, grain-like shape |
| EELS-TEM | Core-shell structure, thin (2–5 nm) oxide layer | Fully oxidized particle |
| XRD | Aluminum surface; partially oxidized | Fully oxidized surface |
| SAXS | Particle radius: >10 nm | Primary particle radius: 7.1 nm Aggregates’ radius: >10 nm |
| SP-ICP-MS | Primary particle size: 54–80 nm | Primary particle size: 50–80 nm |
| ICP-MS | Ion release: 0.2–0.5% (in 0.05% BSA) | Ion release: 0.2–0.4% (in 0.05% BSA) |
| ToF-SIMS | Particle-amino acid agglomerates | Particle-amino acid agglomerates; polyoxo-aluminates |
| IBM, atom number % | Impurities: P (1%); biocorona: S (5%), protein; Ca3(PO4)2 coating: P (3%) | Impurities: S (0.2%); biocorona: S (1%), Ca3(PO4)2 coating: P (1%) |