Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| TRS studies (N = 10) | Non-TRS studies (N = 29) | Comparisons, statistic/p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year published, range | 1988–2016 | 1974–2011 | |
| Design of double-blind randomised controlled trial, N | Parallel 9, Crossover 1 | Parallel 27, Crossover 2 | |
| Including child and adolescent patients, N | 0 | 3 | |
| Total number of participants, median (range) | 56 (13–267) | 51 (15–423) | z = −0.290, p = 0.788 |
| Average age of participants, median (range) | 38.1 (35.0–42.0) | 34.0 (12.3–66.5) | z = −2.890, p = 0.003 |
| Duration of double-blind intervention (weeks), median (range) | 11 (6–29) | 8 (4–52) | z = −1.170, p = 0.258 |
| Total number of treatment arms compared with clozapine | 12 | 33 | |
| Breakdown of comparator arms (drug type and number of comparisons) | OLZ 4, HAL 3, RIS 3, CPZ 2 |
CPZ 9, HAL 8, OLZ 7, RIS 5, FLU 1, REM 1, ZIP 1, ZTP 1 |
χ(7) = 2.871, p = 0.897 |
| Average dose of clozapine (mg/day), median (range) | 490 (325–618) | 304 (155–800) | z = −2.960, p = 0.002 |
| Average dose of comparator drug in CPZEa (mg/day), median (range) | 953 (385–1413) | 503 (196–1642) | z = −2.007, p = 0.045 |
p-values of <0.05 are shown in bold.
CPZ chlorpromazine, CPZE chlorpromazine equivalents, FLU fluphenazine, HAL haloperidol, OLZ olanzapine, REM remoxipride, RIS risperidone, TRS treatment-resistant schizophrenia, ZIP ziprasidone, ZTP zotepine.
aCalculated using formulas reported by Andreasen et al. [24]