Fig. 1.

Experimental design and behavioral performance. (A) Participants first listened to two spoken sentences (sentence 1, sentence 2). They then silently rehearsed sentence 2, verbatim, exactly once. Finally, they repeated sentence 2 aloud. (B) A “stimulus group” consisted of four possible sentences: two versions of sentence 1 and two versions of sentence 2. Over the course of the entire experiment, participants would hear all four sentence 1/sentence 2 pairings. One of the sentences serving as sentence 2 was semantically coherent (teal), while the other was semantically incoherent (orange) (SI Appendix, Table S2). The two versions of sentence 1 were always coherent, but the differences in the first part of the sentence resulted in very different semantic contexts for interpreting the coherent sentence 2. (C) Projection of sentence norming features via multidimensional scaling reveals a clear separation of the semantics of coherent and incoherent sentences (SI Appendix, Methods and Table S3). (D) Average number of words spoken verbatim by each participant (Coh, coherent trials; Inc, incoherent trials). (E) Combined electrode placement for all 16 subjects on the lateral and medial surfaces of the Freesurfer average brain.