FIG 5.

Conservation of the IFNL4 promoter among mammals. (A) Alignment of the proximal/core promoter and the 5′ UTR of IFNL4 from humans, African green monkeys, pigs, and sheep. The transcriptional start site (TSS), as well as putative IRF and NF-κB binding sites, are indicated in the human sequence. (B) Phylogenetic tree of IFNL1 and IFNL4 from human (Homo sapiens), African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), sheep (Ovis aries), pig (Sus scrofa), western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), polar bear (Ursus maritimus) based on the sequence of their proximal/core promoter and 5ʹ UTR. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW, and the tree was generated by the neighbor-joining method. (C) Same tree as in panel B but using the amino acid sequences of the proteins instead. Both trees are drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site.