Table 2.
Reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels in IPEC-J2 cells determined by LC-MS/MS (n = 3). Cells were treated with CuSO4, Cu Glycine (Cu-Gly), and Cu proteinate (Cu-Pro) at the concentrations of 30 and 120 μM for 10 h. Significant differences between processing groups are represented by different lowercase letters (p < 0.05).
| Copper Sources | GSH (nM/mg) | GSSG (nM/mg) | GSH/GSSG |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 1.35 ± 0.15 a | 0.028 ± 0.003 a | 47.53 ± 0.11 a |
| 30 μM CuSO4 | 0.94 ± 0.09 b | 0.091 ± 0.03 b | 12.68 ± 1.33 b |
| 30 μM Cu-Gly | 0.99 ± 0.12 b | 0.043 ± 0.008 c | 22.02 ± 0.84 cd |
| 30 μM Cu-Pro | 0.72 ± 0.08 b | 0.038 ± 0.007 ac | 19.76 ± 1.08 c |
| 120 μM CuSO4 | 0.74 ± 0.08 b | 0.056 ± 0.011 cd | 14.81 ± 0.65 b |
| 120 μM Cu-Gly | 0.82 ± 0.07 b | 0.037 ± 0.006 ac | 22.05 ± 1.33 c |
| 120 μM Cu-Pro | 0.84 ± 0.05 b | 0.032 ± 0.004 ac | 24.63 ± 0.46 d |