. 2020 Jan 8;10(1):98. doi: 10.3390/ani10010098

Table 1.

pH values and concentrations (mmol/L) of ammonia and volatile fatty acids after 6 h of an in vitro incubation of canine fecal inoculum with a control diet supplemented with some prebiotics and/or tylosin tartrate ¹.

	CTRL	FOS	GOS	XOS	TYL	TYL + FOS	TYL + GOS	TYL + XOS	ANOVA p-Value			Pooled SEM
	CTRL	FOS	GOS	XOS	TYL	TYL + FOS	TYL + GOS	TYL + XOS	TYL × PRE	PRE	TYL	Pooled SEM
pH	6.03	5.74	5.71	5.54	6.34	6.14	5.98	5.96	0.572	<0.001 ²	<0.001	0.061
Ammonia	27.9	23.2	26.8	25.7	25.2	24.0	24.6	23.6	0.302	0.028 ³	0.033	0.987
Acetic acid	12.4 ^d	11.0 ^b,c	10.3 ^b	11.5 ^c,d	6.58 ^a	6.20 ^a	6.13 ^a	6.53 ^a	0.020	<0.001	<0.001	0.249
Propionic acid	6.35 ^c,d	7.17 ^e	6.69 ^d,e	8.04 ^f	4.52 ^a	4.90 ^a	5.16 ^a,b	5.72 ^b,c	0.037	<0.001	<0.001	0.150
iso-Butyric acid	0.37 ^c	0.23 ^b	0.24 ^b	0.27 ^b	0.06 ^a	0.05 ^a	0.05 ^a	0.04 ^a	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.010
n-Butyric acid	3.95 ^a	4.95 ^d,e	5.22 ^e	4.39 ^b,c	3.73 ^a	4.01 ^a,b	4.69 ^c,d	3.96 ^a	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.083
iso-Valeric acid	0.59 ^e	0.36 ^c	0.46 ^b	0.42 ^d	0.10 ^a	0.09 ^a	0.09 ^b	0.10 ^a	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.009
Total VFA	23.9	23.7	22.9	24.7	15.0	15.2	16.1	16.4	0.148	0.085	<0.001	0.469

CTRL, control diet; FOS, fructooligosaccharides; GOS, galactooligosaccharides; PRE, prebiotics; TYL, tylosin; XOS, xylooligosaccharides. ¹ Values are the means of five bottles per treatment. According to Two-way ANOVA (Newman-Keuls test as post hoc): ² FOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.05); GOS differ from CTRL (p = 0.005); XOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.001). ³ FOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.05). According to One-way ANOVA (Tukey test’s as post hoc): means within a row with different letters differ (p < 0.05).