Table 2.
pH values and concentrations (mmol/L) of ammonia and volatile fatty acids after 24 h of an in vitro incubation of canine fecal inoculum with a control diet supplemented with some prebiotics and/or tylosin tartrate 1.
| CTRL | FOS | GOS | XOS | TYL | TYL + FOS | TYL + GOS | TYL + XOS | ANOVA p-Value | Pooled SEM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TYL × PRE | PRE | TYL | ||||||||||
| pH | 5.45 | 5.22 | 5.28 | 5.18 | 5.93 | 5.61 | 5.70 | 5.59 | 0.101 | <0.001 2 | <0.001 | 0.019 |
| Ammonia | 36.9 | 35.1 | 36.0 | 34.6 | 36.0 | 34.8 | 35.7 | 36.1 | 0.268 | 0.136 | 0.958 | 1.255 |
| Acetic acid | 14.8 c | 14.2 c | 13.7 c | 13.9 c | 7.44 a,b | 7.12 a,b | 6.90 a | 8.37 b | 0.015 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.284 |
| Propionic acid | 11.3 c | 12.0 c | 11.5 c | 12.2 c | 7.80 a | 9.75 b | 8.85 a,b | 11.8 c | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.270 |
| iso-Butyric acid | 0.53 e | 0.41 c | 0.46 d | 0.42 c | 0.07 b | 0.03 a | 0.03 a | 0.02 a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| n-Butyric acid | 4.82 | 6.12 | 6.37 | 5.31 | 4.65 | 5.97 | 6.16 | 5.34 | 0.708 | <0.001 3 | 0.121 | 0.112 |
| iso-Valeric acid | 0.83 c | 0.63 b | 0.78 c | 0.64 b | 0.14 a | 0.13 a | 0.12 a | 0.13 a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
| Total VFA | 32.5 c | 33.7 c | 33.1 c | 32.8 c | 20.1 a | 23.0 a,b | 22.1 a | 25.6 b | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.658 |
CTRL, control diet; FOS, fructooligosaccharides; GOS, galactooligosaccharides; PRE, prebiotics; TYL, tylosin; XOS, xylooligosaccharides. 1 Values are the means of five bottles per treatment. According to Two-way ANOVA (Newman-Keuls test as post hoc): 2 FOS, GOS e XOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.001); 3 FOS e GOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.001); XOS differ from CTRL (p < 0.05). According to One-way ANOVA (Tukey’s test as post hoc): means within a row with different letters differ (p < 0.05).