Figure 6.

Schematic representation of delphinidin protective role against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in C28/I2 chondrocyte cells. H₂O₂-induced apoptosis via accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C28/I2 cells, leading to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Delphinidin protects chondrocytes from ROS-induced apoptosis via activation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and protective autophagy. Arrow-headed and bar-headed lines indicate activation and inhibition during the process, respectively.