Table 2.
Glycerol utilisation and metabolite formation of single strain cultures and co-cultures after 24 h incubation with or without glycerol. pH, glycerol, reuterin and metabolite concentrations of single strain and co-cultures with and without glycerol.
| Strains | Treatment | pH 1 | Substrate Consumed | Metabolites Formed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycerol 2 (mM) |
Lactate (mM) |
Acetate (mM) |
Succinate (mM) |
Acrolein (mM) |
1,3-PDO (mM) |
3-HP (mM) |
|||
| C. jejuni N16-1419 | Glycerol | 7.2 ± 0.1 A | 0.0 | <0.1 A | 4.4 ± 0.5 A | 5.3 ± 0.4 A | ND | ND | ND |
| No glycerol | 7.3 ± 0.1 A | - | <0.1 A | 4.0 ± 0.3 A | 6.2 ± 0.6 A | ND | ND | ND | |
| L. reuteri PTA8-1 | Glycerol | 6.8 ± 0.1 A | 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 A | 1.9 ± 0.1 A | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| No glycerol | 6.8 ± 0.1 A | - | 0.3 ± 0.1 A | 2.0 ± 0.1 A | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| L. reuteri PTA5-F13 | Glycerol | 6.1 ± 0.1 A | 12.9 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 A | 3.0 ± 0.1 A | ND | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 |
| No glycerol | 6.8 ± 0.1 B | - | 0.2 ± 0.1 B | 1.9 ± 0.1 B | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| C. jejuni N16-1419 + L. reuteri PTA8-1 | Glycerol | 7.2 ± 0.1 A | 0.0 | <0.1 A | 6.8 ± 0.1 A | 5.4 ± 0.6 A | ND | ND | ND |
| No glycerol | 7.3 ± 0.1 A | - | <0.1 A | 6.7 ± 0.4 A | 5.9 ± 0.8 A | ND | ND | ND | |
| C. jejuni N16-1419 + L. reuteri PTA5-F13 | Glycerol | 5.8 ± 0.1 A | 25.4 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.1A | 3.4 ± 0.1 A | 0.8 ± 0.1 A | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.8 |
| No glycerol | 7.3 ± 0.1 B | - | <0.1 B | 7.9 ± 0.5 B | 5.7 ± 1.3 B | ND | ND | ND | |
Data presented as the mean and standard deviation of three biological replicates. Mean values with different alphabetical superscript letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. ND; not detected with detection limits: 1.0 mM for glycerol, 0.4 mM for succinate, 0.3 mM for 1,3-PDO, 4.4 µM for acrolein and 1.5 mM for 3-HP. 1 The pH of the original Cation adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CAMHB) was 7.3. 2 Initial glycerol concentration was 28 mM.