Table 3.
Role of exogenous melatonin treatment in plant–fungal interaction.
| Plant Name | Pathogen Name | Melatonin Dosage (µM) | Delivery Method | Involved Mechanism | Resulting Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malus prunifolia | Diplocarpon mali | 50–500 | Root irrigation | Maintain intracellular H2O2 concentrations ▲ Activities of plant defense-related enzymes |
Alleviating disease damage Fungal infection resistance Lesion reduction |
[51] |
| Musa acuminata | Fusarium oxysporum | 100 | Leaf and root treatment | ▲ Resistance induced via regulating the expression of MaHSP90s gene | Improvement of disease resistance | [74] |
| Fragaria ananassa |
Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer |
100 | Fruit dipping | ▲ H2O2 levels ▲ Antioxidant enzyme activities |
Reduction of postharvest decay in stored strawberry fruits |
[50] |
| Citrullus lanatus |
Podosphaera xanthii and Phythophthora capsici |
100 | Leaf treatment | ▲ Upregulation of PTI- and ETI-associated genes | Disease resistance | [40] |
| A. thaliana | -------- | 1 × 10−4 or 100 | Seedling rinsing | ▲ Upregulation of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA), ET, SA, and JA pathways | Increase plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. |
[41] |
▲ = increasing in content or action; H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide; SA = salicylic acid; ET = ethylene; PTI = pattern-triggered immunity; ETI = effector-triggered. immunity; JA = jasmonic acid; ABA = abscisic acid.