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The charge transfer processes between excited electrons from the valence band of TiO2 with (a) Mn2+ ions of Mn-doped TiO2, and (b) Fe3+ ions of Fe-doped TiO2. CB and VB are the conduction and valence bands of TiO2, respectively. Reproduced with permission from [92,95], respectively. Copyright Elsevier, 2017; Copyright American Chemical Society, 2013.
