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(a) Visible light excitation of N−F codoped TiO2 and subsequent filling of empty N state by electron transfer from either Ti3+ or oxygen vacancies (Ovac). Reproduced with permission from [268]. Copyright American Chemical Society, 2014. (b) Survival rate of E. coli treated with N-doped P25 (P25-N-HT), F-doped P25 (P25-F-HT) and (3) F-N codoped P25 (P25-F&N-HT) under simulated light illumination. Reproduced with permission from [270]. Copyright MDPI, 2017.
