Table 2.

Bactericidal performance of modified titania nanoparticles under visible light.

Material	Size, nm	Bacteria	Complete Inactivation Time	Ref.
(1–3 mol%) Ni/TiO2 NPs	8–10	E. coli	>300 min (3% Ni dopant)	[248]
		S. aureus	>240 min (3% Ni dopant)
		Samonella abony	>360 min (3% Ni dopant)
(1–3 mol%) Cu/TiO2 NPs	9–10	E. coli	240 min (3% Cu dopant)	[247]
		S. aureus	120 min (3% Cu dopant)
0.5%Cu/TiO2 NPs	28.84	E. coli	30 min	[109]
		S. aureus	30 min
Ag/TiO2 NPs	AgNPs: 0.9; TiO2 NPs: 8	E. coli	60 min	[124]
N/TiO2 NPs	10–30	E. coli	420 min	[161]
		S. aureus	360 min
F-N doped P25	70	E. coli	60 min	[270]
F-N doped TiO2	21.3	E. coli	60 min	[271]
(0.5–2.5%) rGO/TiO2 NPs	17–18	E. coli	75 min (1.5% rGO/TiO2 NPs)	[101]
(0.1–0.5%) MWNT/TiO2 NPs	TiO2 NPs: 8–15 MWNT diameter: 20–45	E. coli	300 min (0.5% MWNT/TiO2)	[156]
		S. aureus	180 min (0.5% MWNT/TiO2)
0.5 wt% MWNT/Fe-doped TiO2	Fe-doped TiO2: 15–20 MWNT diameter: 20–45	B. subtilis	120 min	[157]
		P. aeruginosa	240 min
Cu2O/TiO2	TiO2 NPs: 8	E. coli	60 min	[177]
CS/Cu-doped TiO2	16	E. coli	120 min	[288]
Cotton/(10–50%) Mn-doped TiO2	Mn-doped TiO2: 150	S. aureus	90 min (25 wt% Mn dopant)	[298]
		K. pneumoniae	90 min (25 wt% Mn dopant)
Cotton/(10–50%) Mn-doped TiO2	Mn-doped TiO2: 150	S. aureus	60 min (50 wt% Mn dopant)	[298]
		K. pneumoniae	120 min (50 wt% Mn dopant)