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Contact angle, γSd (dispersion component), γSp (polar component), and γS (total surface energy) values of CNCs and modified CNCs.
| Water | Methylene Iodide | γSd (mJ/m2) | γSp (mJ/m2) | γS (mJ/m2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNC | ≤5° | 20.1 ± 0.8° | 32.2 | 41.4 | 73.6 |
| Acetyl-CNC | 78.3 ± 1.0° | 35.3 ± 0.6° | 38.1 | 4.14 | 42.2 |
| Alkyl-CNC | 84.9 ± 1.2° | 33.8 ± 0.9° | 40.8 | 1.73 | 42.5 |
