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. 2020 Jan 6;12(1):133. doi: 10.3390/polym12010133

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of the parameters of the vertically electrical field pretreatment on polyelectrolyte delivery from PEMs. (a) Ten voltage of electrical fields pretreated PEMs on PPy films with different electrical resistances for 1 h to determine the effect of electric currents. (b) Different voltages pretreated PEMs for 1 h to determine the effect of intensity of electrical fields. (c) Electrical field in 10 V pretreated PEMs for different durations to determine the effect of treatment duration. These electrical field-treated PEMs were monitored for their following delivery in aqueous environments for 48 h. (n = 3. For (b), t-test compared to the results of the 5 V pretreating group at the same time, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. For (c), t-test compared to the results of the 1 h pretreated group at the same time, ** p < 0.01.).