Table 3.
Summary of silica-based mesoporous materials for the treatment of osteoporosis.
| Therapeutic Agent | Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-Resorptive Treatment | ||
| Alendronate | First example of controlled release of bisphosphonates from mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41 and SBA-15); | [203] |
| Phosphorus-containing SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials for bone regeneration and release of alendronate; | [204] | |
| Ipriflavone | Silica-based mesoporous nanospheres for the release of ipriflavone without affecting osteoblast viability; | [205] |
| Zolendronic acid | Zolendronic acid-loaded MSNs/hydroxyapatite coatings on implants with enhanced inhibition of osteoclasts activity; | [207] |
| Salmon calcitonin | MSNs for the release of salmon calcitonin with significant therapeutic effects in vivo; | [206] |
| siRNA (RANK) | Silica-based mesoporous glass nanospheres to deliver of siRNA to knockdown RANK and inhibit osteoclastogenesis; | [215] |
| Ions | Mesoporous silica-based nanospheres for the delivery of Cu ions able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis; | [217] |
| Silica-based mesoporous glasses for the release of Ga ions able to disturb osteoclastogenesis; | [218] | |
| Particle | Silica-based mesoporous glasses reduce the bone-resorbing capability of osteoclasts per se; | [221] |
| Au nanoparticles supported on MSNs increases the osteogenic capability of pre-osteoblastic cells; | [220] | |
| Anabolic Treatment | ||
| Dexamethasone | Alendronate-targeted MSNs for the delivery of dexamethasone to bone tissue; | [208] |
| Estradiol | Multilayered-coated MSNs for the delivery of estradiol from titanium substrates; | [209] |
| Osteostatin | Osteostatin-loaded SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials stimulate the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts; | [211] |
| Osteostatin-loaded SBA-15 mesoporous materials regenerate bone in a rabbit femur cavity defect; | [201] | |
| Osteostatin-loaded SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials increase the early repair response in bone after local injury; | [212] | |
| BMP-2 and dexamethasone | pH-responsive co-delivery of dexamethasone and BMP-2 protein for synergistic osteogenic effect; | [213] |
| BMP-2 derived peptide-decorated MSNs for enhanced uptake in bone mesenchymal stem cells and synergistic effect of the peptidic fragment and dexamethasone; | [214] | |
| Osteostatin and siRNA (SOST) | Enhanced osteogenic expression through MSNs co-delivering osteostatin and siRNA able to knockdown the SOST gene; | [216] |
| Zn ions and osteostatin | Co-delivery of osteogenic Zn ions and osteostatin from mesoporous silica-based glasses induces high osteogenic response; | [219] |