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. 2020 Jan 16;8(1):123. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8010123

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the P. caerulea plants, determined as the ability to scavenge the formation of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals (a) and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) (b), after seven days from the first treatment and after 60 days from the first treatment. C—control (no treatment with plant biostimulants, treatment only with water); T₁—foliar treatment with the Trichoderma consortium suspension, 10⁶ cfu/mL, equiv. to 10¹¹ spores/ha; T₂—foliar treatment with the Trichoderma consortium suspension, 10⁸ cfu/mL, equiv. to 10¹³ spores/ha; T₃—foliar treatment with a reference product, consisting of plant extracts, essential oils and fatty acids in an oil/water emulsion, and extract of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, equiv. to 3 L/ha. The values presented are means ± standard error (n = 12 replicates). Columns labeled with different letters, compared between the different treatments (C, T1, T2, and T3) within each time period (after 7 days and, respectively, after 60 days) are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the P. caerulea plants, determined as the ability to scavenge the formation of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals (a) and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) (b), after seven days from the first treatment and after 60 days from the first treatment. C—control (no treatment with plant biostimulants, treatment only with water); T₁—foliar treatment with the Trichoderma consortium suspension, 10⁶ cfu/mL, equiv. to 10¹¹ spores/ha; T₂—foliar treatment with the Trichoderma consortium suspension, 10⁸ cfu/mL, equiv. to 10¹³ spores/ha; T₃—foliar treatment with a reference product, consisting of plant extracts, essential oils and fatty acids in an oil/water emulsion, and extract of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, equiv. to 3 L/ha. The values presented are means ± standard error (n = 12 replicates). Columns labeled with different letters, compared between the different treatments (C, T1, T2, and T3) within each time period (after 7 days and, respectively, after 60 days) are significantly different at p < 0.05.